The aim of trait theory is to produce general principles of why people behave differently in different situations. Questionnaires, for example Eysenck’s Personality Inventory (EPI), are used to produce psychometric inventories, which are a measure of personality traits. This is a scientific approach, facilitating prediction of how a particular person will react in a specific situation. Other trait theorists (e.g. Kant) considered traits to be categorical.
It is a generalised concept that if the cause of the symptoms were tackled it would only be logical that the symptoms would then cease. The Psychodynamic theory assumes the personality is split into three parts, the id (most primitive, instinctive part we have from birth), the ego (logical, balances out the id and superego) and the superego or moral part of our personality. These areas influence our behaviour as well as the defence mechanisms of the ego, and the psychosexual stages of development. Defence mechanisms are used
The article had tons of information on the co-occurring of mental illness and substance abuse. It had a very broad discussion on different kinds of mental illness. This article explained each mental illness and their symptoms. I found this information very important because knowing this information will give more insight on the different disorders that cause people to turn to drugs. The author of the article was Bernice A. Pescosolido, it was created Dec 9, 2009, revised April 28, 2010, accepted June 3, 2010.
Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issues A psychodynamic approach is one which tries to explain what drives or motivates development. Many psychological explanations aim to identify what causes behaviour, but this approach looks at the dynamics of the cause. The best known psychodynamic approach is Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. He suggested that we are driven to satisfy biological urges and these motives cause us to interact with our environment in certain ways. This means early experiences play a critical role in our lives.
They each have their own theoretical assumptions in terms of what constitutes behaviour; variously observable responses, inner experiences, cognitions and emotional states, or both. An additional veneer of complexity is posed by the normal/psychopathological distinction. Unsurprisingly, each approach, espouses different therapeutic strategies which, in themselves, can enlighten us as to their varying behavioural explanations. I shall outline and evaluate the key features of each approach on an individual basis, and attempt to assess the extent to which each provides a workable explanation of behaviour relative to their theoretical others. I The biological approach asserts that human behaviour can be explained physiologically and neurologically.
He also linked some childhood desires with the development of ones personality. The psychoanalytic theory is founded on the basis that there are inner forces that influence ones behavior unconsciously. This theory was developed after a thorough observation of people’s behavior where Sigmund conducted case studies. Feud argued that human mind can be divided three parts; the conscious mind, the preconscious mind and the unconscious mind. According to Asch M (2004), the conscious mind includes the things that we are aware of.
Theory and techniques will be applied through the window of the case study of John, in an effort to demonstrate the effectiveness of this model in strengthening an individual’s internal sense of control, thereby changing behaviour. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is based around the notion of thoughts leading to how an individual feels and acts, discounting the external environment into a much less important role. A two-way relationship exists between thinking and behaviour, in that thinking can influence behaviour and behaviour can, in turn, influence thinking. The predominant assumption in CBT is that maladaptive behaviours arise not from a stimulus itself, but from the individual’s evaluation or thoughts and feelings about that stimulus. CBT uses a collaborative relationship between client and therapist in a goal oriented, systematic approach with both parties working together to achieve a solution, based on the
The reason I chose this therapy is the realistic understanding of directing individuals in seeking the best possible life given the powers and circumstances that exist. Many clinical problems are best described as disorders of thought and feeling, and since behavior is effectively controlled by the way we think the most logical and effective way of trying to change maladjusted behavior is to change the unbalanced thought processes that lie behind it. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is comprised of both cognitive and behavioral techniques. The premise underlying a cognitive-behavioral is that difficulties in living, relationships, general health, etc., have their origin in and are maintained by both cognitive and behavioral factors. What is Cognitive Behavioral Theory?
Personality Analysis Paper Jessica Ogunlanoh Psych/ 405 03/28/11 Linda O’ Conner Personality Analysis Paper 1 Various personality theories provide different explanations how situational behavior becomes affected by personality. The two theories to be addressed in this paper are the humanistic/existential and dispositional theories. The humanistic/existential perspective considers the entire person when trying to explain the development of personality and acknowledges the potential within each individual when doing so. On the other hand, the dispositional perspective pays close attention to his or her traits when describing the development of personality, which according to this view are the building blocks of one’s personality. To understand more clearly the differences between the humanistic/existential and dispositional theories, the writer will compare and contrast them.
Because of science one now can measure these processes and quantify them so that cognitive psychologist may use behavioral observation to measure damage, mental processes and mental states. Because of cognitive science, cognitive psychologist are able to see just what is going on within a person’s brain and make the most educated guess on how he or she should be treated because of their behavior (Van Wagner, 2009). Behavior of individuals can be observed and watched, measured and tested, and a conclusion can be made from behavior on whether or not cognitive psychology is the best treatment for the individual. Even though cognitive psychology arose in response to behaviorism, this does not mean that behavior is not important for the