c) Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development, influence current practice. There are many theories that have been proposed to describe and explain the course of human development, some may be of the opinion that they are wrong but they are also right in many ways. Jean Piaget - cognitive Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has four stages to it, the theory is about maturation (growing up) and the understanding a child has around them at different stages. Jean Piaget believed a child cannot undertake certain tasks until they are psychologically mature enough to do so. His theory relates to the points at which a child's thinking accelerates (18 months, 7 years and 11/12 years).
Infantile amnesia is often thought of as a paradox, since it is known that infants' and young children's minds handle a lot of new impressions and are considered adept at learning, and yet it is believed that memories are only created after some fundamental developments of the brain are completed. Research has been done since the early 19th century, but defining and probing for the earliest memories is a problem. Often, subjects have heard stories about their childhood that mix with their real memories and make it difficult to differentiate what was actually remembered. Often too, a subject's earliest claimed memory is not confirmable. For this reason, memories like the birth of a younger sibling have been used in experiments when probing for the earliest possible memories.
Unit 201 Child and young person development From birth until 19 years of age children and young people will tend to exhibit certain similarities which have complied into a development plan. Although children and young people are different and have different experiences, they grow and develop in a similar way. Babies are usually born at 40 weeks, which is a full term pregnancy. At this early stage they show signs of recognition towards their mother, they know her voice and smell. They even know that if they cry it is a sign of distress which lets people know they need help.
i.e. emotional reactions involve the whole body in babies but when the child is older these responses may only involve facial expressions. Milestones Milestones mark the achievement of certain mental and physical abilities such as walking or being able to form a sentence, and signal the end of one developmental period and the beginning of another. Researchers who have studied the accomplishment of many developmental tasks have determined the typical ages that are associated with each developmental milestone. However, they have also found that the time spans in which some milestones are achieved can vary, with some milestones being more variable than others Following is a general guide to how children develop within the following age ranges: 0-3 years 3-7 years 7-12 years 12-16 years 16-19 years Development – Ages
0 to 3 years: Physical Development: Rapid development of gross motor skills and fine motor skills leading to crawling and mobility followed by improvement of skills for eye and hand co-ordination. Communication and Intellectual Development: Adult communication with babies should lead to speech and an increase in their vocabulary as well as the successful use of negatives and plurals in their speech patterns. Social, Emotional and Behavioural Development: Children begin to form their individual identities and develop emotional attachments the earliest of which is likely to be with parents and carers. 3 to 7 years: Physical Development: More co-ordinated movements leading to running, kicking and even better eye and hand co-ordination leading to drawing and writing. Communication and Intellectual Development: Children will have the ability to phrase questions and be able to use past and future tense in their communications as well as improvements with writing and numeracy.
1.1 - Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth - 19 years. All children and young people develop at different rates, but the order at which the advance is quite little. This is completely normal; a group of children of the same would not reach the same milestone at the same time. The same child may reach milestones in some areas of their development earlier than expected, and the child might be able to reach milestones in other areas later. For example ; a child may crawl of walk earlier than expected, but start talking a little bit late.
Current research into the development and learning of babies and young children focuses on neuro science. Opinions have changed on how children’s brains grow and develop, now scientist believe most brain cells are formed before birth but most of the connections are made during infancy and early childhood. The believe that early experiences are vital to healthy brain development, the outside world shapes the development of a baby’s brain through experiences that a child’s sense take in, this includes their vision, hearing, smell, touch and taste. Babies start to learn in the womb, particularly in the last three months. When babies are born they can recognise familiar sounds and have developed some taste.
Of particular interest to Life span perspective research is the struggle to reconcile the nature versus nature controversy, the continuity versus discontinuity issue, and the psychological prediction of the future self by the present self. In the early days of human development research it was assumed that either nature or nurture comprised the bulk of explanation for human behavior. More recently most psychologists have adopted a more comprehensive understanding of the nature/nurture controversy. The psychological prediction of the future self by the present self is not developmentally constant over a lifetime (Fortman, Giles, Honeycutt, & Ota, 2003). It’s clear that the characteristics of life span perspective cover a wide range of topics and concerns within the area of psychology, biology, and
By Megan Wyne. Communication and Language The early year’s foundation stage is spilt up into different category but I’m going to talk about communication and language with in this there are three different areas they are called: * Listening and attention * Understanding * Speaking The age group of each category very this is because every child grows and learn slower or faster to others. The age range of the communication and language are: * Birth – 11 Months * 8 – 20 Months * 16 – 26 Months * 22 – 36 Months * 30 – 50 Months * 40 – 60 Months Listening and attention: * Birth – 11 Months: They should react to interaction with others by smiling, looking and moving they also should listen to familiar sounds, words or finger play. * 8
Sensory Skills in Infants Babies are miraculous creatures that God had created on earth. Every baby has their different ways to grow or develop. Some babies grow up faster than others, they grow sooner than people can imagine. Starting when they start growing in their mother’s belly to when she gives birth, the babies already have the essential parts in their body formed. In the development of the newborns, we can see how they starting to adapt to our world, our people, and our things.