Gracen Seiler April 7th, 2015 Section- 109 Investigating Stoichiometry with Sodium Salts of Carbonic Acid Introduction- This experiment is intended to help find a better understanding of chemical stoichiometry through titrations of NaHCO3 and NA2CO3 with HCl. A chemical reaction is a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form in a nuclear reaction. Titration is when a measured amount of solution of unknown volume is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is complete. The objective of this experiment is reacting sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium carbonate (NaCO3) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H20) and carbon dioxide (CO2). -Use the titrations of the following chemical reactions: NaHCO3 + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) 2HCl (aq) + Na2CO3 (s) 2NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) Experimental procedure- Two Erlenmeyer flask must be labeled “unknown 1 and unknown 2”.
Behavior of Gases: Molar Mass of a Vapor The purpose of this lab is to understand the affect of temperature and pressure affect factors such as volume on an amount of gas. With this understanding one can then find the molar mass of the fixed amount of vapor. In this lab, the use of Boyle's law and Avogadro's law combine to make the ideal gas equation. With this combined equation PV = nRT, one is able to determine atmosphere, volume, amount (in grams), or temperature (in Kelvin). If taken further, this equation can be used to determine molar mass as in PV = (m/M)RT.
Nest one Styrofoam cup in another 11. Obtain an exact mass of tap water (45-50g) to serve as cold water 12. Put a magnetic stirrer in the bottom of the calorimeter 13. Secure temperature probe to a ring stand 14. Place temperature probe through hole in cardboard lid and position probe about 1cm above bottom of calorimeter 15.
4) Ignoring step 3, after step 2, you can take the solution that you have created and pour it into a 100 mL beaker. Once the solution is in the beaker, turn on the conductivity tester and gently place it in the solution (try not to touch the bottom of the beaker). Record the results. 5) Now, take the beaker with the solution already inside and place it on a hot plate. Turn on the hot plate to a medium heat.
Turn off light and place thermometer in substance for 1 minute in order to determine the ending temperature 10. Record results 11. Repeat steps 6-10 until all substances have been tested OBSERVATIONS: Substance Ice Freshwater Saltwater Soil Compressed Leaves Beginning Temperature in ˚C 0 20 21 19 18 Ending Temperature in ˚C 3 22.5 24 23 26 Temperature Difference in ˚C 3 2.5 3 4 8
Step 8- Put the 2 liter bottle with dark written on it in a cupboard or a closet where it will not see light. Step 9- Add 10 ml of water to the plants each day. (or as many times as possible). Step 10- Measure the height of the plants (cm) everyday for 10 days and collect data on the data table provided. Data: GRAPH 1 |Days | |Seed Height (Cm) | | |Average Height (cm) | | | |1 | |1 | | | |2 | |
Put the stopper into the boiling tube but do not place the delivery tube under the measuring cylinder yet. 3. Fill the syringe with 1 ml 10% hydrogen peroxide and attach to the syringe needle. 4. Add the hydrogen peroxide to the yeast suspension.
(50cm3 exactly), and pour the water into the copper calorimeter beaker. 6. Put the thermometer into the water (it should not touch the copper beaker) and record the temperature of the water at the start. 7. Hold the needle (with the nut), with a pair of tongs and set the nut on fire using the spirit lamp.
The graduated cylinder will collect the distillate. Make sure to leave area between the end of the distillation take-off and the cylinder so that you can see the drops of distillate leave the distillation apparatus. All experiments will be done using the Celsius temperature scale. Notice that the temperature displays in the neck of the round bottom flask. Right-click on the flask, and select 50 mL of crude oil from the Chemicals Window, next
The pipette is calibrated by weighing distilled water in it at room temperature, and then calculating the volume from the weight of water in air. A correction for the buoyancy of air is included. The formula allows for the determination of the weight in vacuum, W after correction, where Wa is the weight in air. The volume is calculated from the weight and the density. W = Wa + 1.06 Wa/1000 Table.