Conclusion 1. Explain the relationship between the following words – cells, genes, chromosomes, tissues, DNA, proteins. * * Tissues are made of cells that contain chromosomes made of DNA with regions called genes that code for proteins * 2. Explain why scientists probably used PCR when they prepared the DNA you’re your experiment. * * PCR is the process of copying DNA.
The enzyme that is responsible for replicating molecules of DNA by attaching complementary bases in the correct sequence is called ____________________ ____________________. 27. Enzymes called ____________________ are responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the complementary strands together. 28. Errors in nucleotide sequences are called ____________________.
1. Denaturing Stage: to separate the double helix, you need to reach about 95 degrees Celsius, then the two strands start to denature. 2. Annealing: In the second stage of PCR, the temp is lowered to about 56 degrees Celsius to allow the primers to “anneal” to then separated strands. A primer is made of a short piece of synthetically made DNA.
The streak plate technique is done to isolate a colony formed by a single cell from a mixture containing millions of cells. The streak plate technique was also used to obtain pure cultures of the bacteria using a trypticase soy agar (TSA) plate and was incubated at 37 ̊ for 48 hours. Secondly a Gram stain was performed as directed from exercise 6in the lab manual (Kleyn 37) and was found to be Gram negative Rods. The Gram stain is important to do because it reveals the morphology of the organism and the arrangement of the cells; if an organism appears purple under a microscope then it is said to be Gram positive, and if it
From the gel electrophoresis, we found that the PCR product was about 600 bps. Spectrometric analysis helped us to find the concentration of amplified DNA which was about 65 μL/mL. The next step was to produce digoxigenin-UTP labelled RNA probe by in vitro transcription of PCR amplified tau DNA with T7 RNA polymerase. About 4 μL of template DNA was added to a sterile, RNase-free reaction vial. The total sample volume was made up to 13 μL by adding water.
Burst the cellular membrane and the nuclei What is the name of the process used to amplify DNA? Polymarse Chain Reaction How is the amplified DNA sorted? By size What # did the DNA profile match? #3 Why was Greg’s DNA profile in CODIS? Because all forensic scientists are required to have their DNA in CODIS Toxicology Lab: Where is vitreous humor normally located?
3. Describe each stage of the flow of information starting with DNA and ending with a trait. Information will start with the DNA traveling to the RNA and into the protein. This information flow will also be followed through the cell as it travels from the DNA in the nucleus, and the Cytoplasm, then to the Ribosomes and the Endoplasmic Reticulum, and finally to the Golgi apparatus, this system packages the final products for export outside the cell (Science Daily, 2013). Reference UIC.edu.
Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei used mRNA made up of repeating uracil nucleotides in a cell free extract. They obtained amino acid chains consisting of phenylalanine. What did they learn when they asked the question, ”What happens when mRNA made up of only cytosine, alanine, and guanine are placed in a cell free extract?” 10. Explain how the structure of tRNA helps it to deliver the correct amino acid to the corresponding mRNA codon at the ribosome. Sketch the structure of a tRNA molecule, making sure to label the amino acid and the
All cells run on a set of instructions spelled out in DNA DNA ! Cells ! Bodies ! How does DNA code for cells & bodies? " how are cells and bodies made from the instructions in DNA Regents Biology!
DNA Fingerprinting: Revealing the Truth Name: Zainab Khatoon Due Date: March 19th, 2012 BSC2010L.019S12 Course Name: Biology I Cellular Processes Lab Section: 019 Lab Partner: Hiba Fatima Materials and Methods Restriction Enzyme Digestion Procedure: As with all experiments done in this lab, preparation was accounted for with gloves and goggles. To begin the restriction enzyme digestion procedure, microtest tubes were labeled 1 through 4 for different reactions of restriction enzyme digestion. Then, with the use of the P20 micropipette, ten microliters of Enzyme Reaction Buffer were dispensed into each of the reaction tubes. After the Buffer was dispensed, a fresh micropipette tip replaced the old one. The tip of the micropipette