Comparison of Model Comparison of Model Paper Melanie Smith PCN 501 Grand Canyon University Kenneth Hall June 17, 2013 This comparison model paper is designed to look at both a psychological and neurobiological approach to addictions. Each model is designed to look at how a person can become or recover from addiction, and what are the underlying factors that cause the addiction. Learning Model The learning model dates back to Pavlov and Skinner, with a take on classical conditioning, and operant conditioning. Research shows that that with the use of psychoactive drugs produces a variety of learned behaviors (O'Brien, Childress, & McLellean, Ehrman, 1992). Clinical studies have shown that in “cocaine addicts produced evidence
It is commonly used for the relief of headaches and other minor aches and pains and is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu remedies. Acute overdoses of paracetamol can cause potentially fatal liver damage. Side effects are multiplied when combined with alcoholic drinks, and very likely in chronic alcoholics or patients with liver damage Morphine is primarily used to treat both acute and chronic severe pain. It is also used for pain due to myocardial infarction and for labor pains. Morphine acts on the myenteric plexus in the intestinal tract, reducing gut motility, causing constipation.
amoxicillin, antidepressants e.g. cipramil, Anticoagulants e.g. warfarin. The effect of Analgesics is to relieve pain such as head aches and the potential side effects are that they can be addiction is can happen if taken over a long period of time. Also, irritation of the stomach, liver damage and sleep disturbances as some analgesics contain caffeine.
One drug that is prescribed quite often for pain and for withdrawal symptoms is methadone. Methadone is an opiate analgesic that treats pain by changing the way the brain and nervous system responds to pain (methadone
. George T. Jackson University of Phoenix Psych 515 Dr. Jacqueline Gatewood, Facilitator. Critical Issue #9 Analysis Introduction Antipsychotic Medications have had a vast effect on people with Schizophrenia. In his text Taking Sides Halgin (2009) presents two sides of the issue of the question: Are Antipsychotic Medications the Treatment of Choice for People with Psychosis. Torrey (2009) presents the pro-side that asserts that Antipsychotic Medications are the Treatment of Choice
Anti-psychotic medications are indicated for schizophrenia, mania, autism and to treat the symptoms of psychosis. Symptoms of psychosis may include hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, disorganized thinking, and agitation. Some of the typical antipsychotic medications such as chlorpromazine, are used as anti-emetics or for postoperative intractable hiccups. Antipsychotic medications administered orally have a variable rate of absorption complicated by the presence of food, antacids, and smoking. Administering antipsychotic medication with anticholinergic drugs will slow gastric motility.
Introduction This paper serves as a brief introduction to addiction and drug use in modern society. It will touch on how people start to use, the disease model of addiction, it’s challengers and the withdrawal and rehabilitation period. By understanding the ways that we categorize and aim to treat addiction, we can hope to continue learning more about this major societal ailment affecting many of the people we will encounter in our life. Start Of Use/Disease Model of Addiction Addiction is a complex disorder that is caused and perpetuated by many factors. There are many theories and ideas as to what causes addiction which each follow different models of thought.
It is taken in to your body in several ways by swallowing, snorting, or injecting intravenously. Methamphetamine is identified under the following slang language: crank, crystal, meth, speed, go-fast, go, crystal meth, zip, chris, cristy, or ice. It is also known that the crystal meth is on the black market as a replacement of cocaine or mixed with heroin. The physical effects of the drug are similar to other stimulant drugs. When they are taken by mouth, snorted or smoked, the user tends to experience feelings of euphoria, heightened alertness and greater energy.
Examples of atypical or novel antipsychotic medications include risperidone (Risperdal), quetiapine (Seroquel) (Patient P.O. is on both of these medications), and olanzapine (Zyprexa). If the patient's psychotic symptoms are acute and accompanied by agitation, a number of different antipsychotics can be used to terminate the flare-up of acute agitated psychosis. Agitation is a state of frantic activity that is often accompanied by anger or marked fearfulness; when in an agitated state, the client is more likely to cause harm to self or others. In agitated psychotic states, the antipsychotic agent haloperidol (Haldol) is often given as an injection, accompanied by other medications that decrease anxiety and slow behavior (often lorazepam , also known as Ativan).
The varicella vaccine is known to cause the serious side effects in humans with immunodeficiencies, these side effects include infection after vaccination, pneumonia, encephalitis, and meningitis (Mercola, 2011). Equally important, the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine may cause seizures and short term joint