| | | Lesson 6 - The Cardio-Respiratory System DefinitionsThe cardio-respiratory system consists of the cardio vascular system (heart and blood vessels) together with respiratory system (lungs and air ways). These systems work to transport oxygen to the muscles and organs of the body and remove waste products including carbon dioxide. The HeartThe heart is a double pump. "Oxygen-poor" blood enters the heart from the vena cava to the right atrium, and flows down to the right ventricle. The first pump pumps "oxygen poor" blood to the lungs from the right ventricle of the heart via the pulmonary artery where it returns as "oxygen rich blood" via the pulmonary vein to the left atrium.
The left and right side of the heart are separated by the posterior interventricular sulcus. The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart does the exact opposite and receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. The Cardiovascular System works with the body’s Circulatory System and is responsible for distributing blood and nutrients throughout the body to maintain homeostasis. It then helps to pump blood around the body, to supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients and to transport waste products away from the tissues.
Small molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse in and out of the cells through the phospholipid bilayer; ions and glucose molecules enter and leave the cell via the channel proteins. Waste products such as nitrogenous compounds are carried to the kidneys and are excreted in the form of urine. Antidiuretic hormone, (ADH), is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. It is carried by the plasma to the kidney and stimulate the occurrence of water reabsorption. When the body is dehydrated, ADH is released, causing the collecting ducts to become more permeable.
When we inhale, the oxygen enters through our nose or mouth then it gathers it in the Pharynx (throat) then it is passed down in the trachea then it flows down your bronchioles and finally down the alveoli. Our alveoli are surrounded by many blood vessels called capillaries. Oxygen diffuses through the alveoli into the blood stream through the capillary and then up to the heart to be pumped around the body. Due to the thinness of the capillaries, this allows for a greater diffusion rate, due to the gases being able to diffuse quickly in short distances. Our diaphragm contracts (or tightens) when we inhale.
GAS EXCHANGE- Gas exchange is the transferring process of oxygen from the lungs to our bloodstream, and getting rid of carbon dioxide within the bloodstream to the lungs and out of our body. Gas exchange occurs within the alveoli which are tiny air sacs located at the end of each bronchiole. WHY DO WE NEED A LARGE SURFACE AREA FOR GAS EXCHANGE TO OCCUR WITHIN THE ALVEOLI? In general, a large surface area increases the rate of diffusion. Therefore, the purpose of the large surface area the alveoli have is to increase the rate at which oxygen is diffused.
This is what is generally referred to as breathing. Internal Respiration This is the exchange of gases between the circulatory system and the tissues of the body. Cellular respiration describes the chemical processes (such as oxidisation) involved when individual molecules use oxygen, creating carbon dioxide as a waste product. The Passage of Oxygen from Nose to Lungs During external respiration or breathing, air is drawn in through the nose, where it is warmed, filtered and moistened. It then passes through the pharynx, larynx and trachea and into the thoracic cavity containing the lungs.
| Circulatory system | | The human circulatory system (simplified). Red indicates oxygenated blood, blue indicates deoxygenated. (Not depicted are the intricate network ofcapillaries, as well as the entire lymphatic system.) | Latin | systema cardiovasculare | The circulatory system is an organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids, electrolytes and lymph), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases, stabilize body temperature and pH, and to maintainhomeostasis.
INTRODUCTION Respiration is the sequence that results in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the bodys cells. Nerve impulses stimulate the breathing process which moves air through a series of passages in and out of the lungs. Then external respiration takes places this is where an exchange of gases between the lungs and blood take place. Then internal respiration is where the gases exchange between the blood and tissue cells. Then the final step of respiration occurs, this is where the cells utilise the oxygen for what the body requires them to do, this is known as cellular respiration.
The static components are the organs that are used in conjunction with the dynamic components which are the substances that are needed by the organs of living things to sustain live. This system comprises the organs of the heart, lungs and vascular system and depends on the diaphragm, brain, muscles, digestive and dermal systems and some skeletal infrastructure. The right ventricle of the heart pumps blood into the lungs via the pulmonary artery so that it can absorb oxygen that has
The human respiratory system is composed of the nasal passage, the pharynx, larynx, the trachea, bronchi and lungs. It is responsible for the process of respiration that is vital to the survival of living beings. Respiration is the process of obtaining and using oxygen, while eliminating carbon dioxide. It is the process by which human beings take in the oxygen from their environment and give out the carbon dioxide that is produced as a result of chemical reactions within the cells. The specialized system that brings about this critical process of respiration in human beings is known as the human respiratory system.