Because he wanted as little interaction with Parliament as possible, he levied new custom duties called impositions to raise funds. Although Parliament’s power of the purse was ignored, it did not wish for serious confrontation and opted for peaceful negotiated. James’ court along with his foreign policy caused substantial political conflict within England. James’ favorite man in court was no doubt the duke of Buckingham. Buckingham controlled royal patronage and openly sold noble titles (also known as peerage) to raise money for the king and was also rumored to be his homosexual lover.
Why did Parliament win the Civil War? The First Civil War lasted several years and it was not clear who was to win. In the end however, Parliament did succeed, and the King failed. The generals were a major factor, they inspired there army to fight well and bravely and had to work out the tactics that were to be used. Oliver Cromwell became the most important general on the Parliamentarian side and Prince Rupert on the Royalist side.
During this period The USA had become the world's largest economic power, making up 27% of the world's economy compared to the 19% in 1913. The First and Second World Wars that occurred during the British Imperial Era may explain the decline of Britain as an economic power by 1950. During these wars, Britain had to invest heavily in munitions and equipment, borrowing heavily from the US to help fund its expenditure. With Britain indebted to America, and struggling to maintain an empire after the economic impact of the Second World War, it is unsurprising to see a decline in Britain's economic strength, with an increase in American economic influence. During the Cold War era, the USA's economic position may have been strengthened due to its increasing political influence as one of the world's leading powers alongside The USSR, which had a GDP that made up 10% of the world's economy in 1950.
In the early 1790’s Washington was elected for president and Alexander Hamilton came along with him. Hamilton quickly established himself as a huge influence in every domestic affair and used his role as Secretary of Treasury to institute controversial plans. While Hamilton’s reports did repay the United States’ debts, they forced tensions between the north and south in terms of state money assumption. He also came up with the idea of a national bank, which he believed would help pay off all the debts America owed to other countries. He assumed that if they did not repay their dues to the other countries, then in time of need they will not come support and help them.
Economic issues arose after the war, Italy had occurred massive debts throughout the war-time as they had spent 148 billlion Lire which meant they had spent twice as much during the war as they had spent during the previous fifty years. They also owed 85 billion Lire to their allies. This left the government struggling to find ways to make these repayments, which enabled them crippled and unable to build and sustain their own economy. During the war effort the government spent 148 billion Lire whereas between 1861 and 1913 the government only spent 74 billion Lire. This gave Italy a short time benefit as it meant there was more money available for industry such as the car industry, Fiat created and established more vehicles which prove to be a short-term benefit for the industry, increasing production which would in effect increase sales.
He avoided wars by doing deals with nearby city-states. He was also a banker to the Pope and to the government, and paid the largest tax bill in Florence. When he died in 1464, they wrote Pater Patriae on his tomb. It means ‘Father of the Country’. The people that supported Cosimo were his family and friends, however, if your tax bill is varied, it is according if you supported Cosimo or not.
The Crusades aided the movement towards a new way of government. The political effect of the Crusades impacted everything from existing nations' relationships with each other to the formation of completely new political states. Vassals thought themselves to be masters and Kings had a difficult time obtaining obedience from them. “The collection of money made for the crusades paved the way for tax systems; the protection of crusaders' property legitimized the intervention of sovereigns.” (Richard). Lords often deserted a family legacy of increasing the wealth of their land after they transferred ownership rights of their lands to another when they left to support the crusades.
King Louis XVI had bankrupt the French by supporting the American Revolution. He spent more money on maintaining his palace at Versailles then he did on supporting the French army. The need for a taxation came about and this resulted in the high rise in food prices. Only the third estate was being taxed, since nobility and clergy were exempt, and that meant that not enough taxes were being collected properly to support France. The last main cause of the Revolution was the uprising political problems.
Some said that the tax system was corrupt, and some tax collectors did not hand in all their tax to the government. In 1787, the king asked the nobility to help him reform the tax system. Members of the first and second estate did not have to pay tax, and the king was now asking them to. I wasn’t surprising when they refused. This lead to the French revolution, because the king needed more money, and had to call a meeting of the estates general, and increase the tax burden on the third estate, which all link back to government debt.
This was a direct cause of the economic crises that faced the French Government. This was partly a result of the country's involvement in the American war of independence. The Nobility was called upon to help ease France's economic crisis, but they declined to help out because they were afraid of losing their economic privileges such as high roles in society, not having to serve the king in war as well as not having to pay taxes. The cost of affording a respectable or even a sustained lifestyle had increased rapidly with the rise in bread prices and basic necessities. On top of which the working class was expected to pay heavy taxes to finance the governments running.