Oxygen free radicals create tissue injury and the formation of edema. Total cell destruction may occur due to alterations in the structure of DNA. Burn injury immediately destroys cells. Depend on degree and duration of the heat exposure. Burns <25% TBSA produce primarily local response an >25% TBSA local and systemic response.
Fibroblasts is induced by mechanical tension and cytokines like TGF- to differentiate in to myofibroblasts ,which contract the wound through the expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA). After wound healing process is accomplished, myofibroblasts undergo to apoptosis. During this phase also collagen type I which has high tensile strength replaces type III collagen in the extracellular matrix(ECM). Furthermore, the number of newly formed vessels and blood flow decreased, and mature environment that lack of cells and blood supply is established. Skin appendages like sweat glands and hair follicles can not be retrieved after extreme damage; however, the skin can regain up to 80 % of the original tensile strength
Neutrophils have a multi-lobed, segmented or polymorphonuclear nucleus and so are also called PMNs, polys or segs. Bands are immature neutrophils that are seen in the blood. When a bacterial infection is present, an increase of neutrophils and bands are seen. Eosinophils kill parasites and have a role in allergic reactions. Basophils are not well understood, but they function in allergic reactions.
A fluid rich in protein and cellular elements that oozes out of blood vessels due to inflammation and is deposited in nearby tissues. 11. Define Focal infiltrate. term which could represent infection/pneumonia, volume loss/atelectasis, hemorrhage or tumor 12. Which (s) condition is the drug Folic Acid used to treat?
Collagen is responsible for keeping the organs in place, and the virus destroys and digests such tissues. It also causes blood clots in the bloodstream, so the blood thickens and the blood flow weakens. These clots tend to get stuck in the blood vessels, which in turn causes the red spots on the skin. As the disease progresses, the
Pneumonia may also occur as a complication in hospital settings, secondary to surgery. The inflammation occurs in the interstitial spaces, the alveoli, and often the bronchioles. The process begins when organisms penetrate the airway mucosa and multiply in the alveoli. WBCs migrate to the area of infection, causing local capillary leak, edema and exudate. These fluids collect in and around the alveoli, and the alveolar walls thicken.
It could be chronic and is caused by the narrowing of the coronary artery and limitation of blood supply to part of the muscle. It also could be acute, which is the result from plaque suddenly rupturing. The inner wall of an artery is damaged. Some fatty deposits or plaques made up of cholesterol and other cellular waste products will accumulate at a site of injury in a process called atherosclerosis, the hardening of arteries. If the surface of the plaques break or rupture, blood cells, called platelets will clump or clot at that site to try and repair the artery.
We would also be more prone to infection in our urinary tract and other areas of our bodies. Tissue repair is a four step process. The first step consists of the broken blood vessels bleeding into the wound. The second step is when the blood clot forms to make a barrier to the outside world. Your white blood cells go to work under the scab to get rid of bacteria and cellular debris.
Cancer is believed as a compilation of related diseases. This happens when the body’s cells starts to divide non-stop and spread into the surrounding tissues. The human body is made of cells that grow and divide to form a new cell in the body. The old cells become damaged and eventually die. But this is not the case once cancer will starts.
what is meant by “infection” and “colonisation”? Infection is something that is picked up through bad hygiene Colonisation is where an infection enters the body and grows. An infection is the colonisation of a host of organisms that enter the body and multiply. A systemic infection is one that affects the whole body, probably travelling in lymph or blood. This is in contrast to a local infection which only affects the area where the infection entered.