The women’s movement and the consequent development of feminist ideas in the 1960s and 1970s influenced the question of gender and began emphasise the importance of gender as a concept of its own. (Howson, 2013, 51). To understand the differences between male and female, it is important to formulate a basic distinction between gender and sex. The key distinctions to note are based around biology and social arrangements. Oakley (1972, cited in Howson, 2013) refers to gender as the ‘psychological, social and representational differences between men and women, which are socially determined and culturally variable’.
By the time we reached late childhood and adolescence our concept of gender identity and sexual orientation is firmly entrenched (Wood, 2010). Our behavior, aspirations and attitudes is also strongly influenced by the gender role expectations in particular cultures. This essay will relate, contrast sex and gender in society and how important it is for sociologists to distinguish them both. The term “sex” is the natural biological genetic makeup that distinguishes males from females and in particular the sexual organs and their characteristics. Bodies are, so we think, natural, God- given, sacred, hardwired.
He is just a biologist, which explains his great knowledge of how genes work. This was not Ripley’s first book about the human genome. His has put out a vast collection about human evolution, sex, and genes. Ripley gives us many reasons to believe that he takes a biological science to a whole different level with his understanding of the human genome. Ripley presents us with ideas of the biochemistry of genes and the psychological effects they may have.
-The interplay between heredity, biology, and the social environment provides the nexus for any realistic consideration of crime causation. • 2. What biological factors does this lesson suggest might substantially influence human aggression? -Like Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, Konrad Lorenz in the twentieth century proposed that aggression is found throughout the animal kingdom and is also inherent in human beings. -Lorenz also claimed that instinct provides motivation and direction to human thought, and that humans value
Although it is not those who raise one whom are to blame for gender inequality. Gender inequality begins during the history of how evolution caused us to be segregated of the two groups of male and female. As an outcome of these gender roles came the affect of gender inequalities, in Family households and in the Workplace. As my research hopes to show, that I believe gender inequalities are learned through ones family and are reflected in the workplace. History of how evolution taught us to have Gender roles The history of how we came to be starts in the early ages of the Homo erectus.
She developed her theory mostly founded on the postulation that social and cultural surroundings fundamentally direct a person to the development of his or her personality. Horney was entirely cognizant of Freud’s rather prejudiced assumptions, particularly when it concerned sexual roles. Horney obviously believed that a person’s sex was determined by biology. Conversely, society typically has the final say in what is or is not acceptable for either sex. She fully understood that society is the last influential outlook in how behavior transforms and is the main factor that characterizes gender.
Biological theorists when referring to gender behaviour and gender roles agree that gender is predetermined from biological processes, meaning that men and women think and act differently because of the differences in the brain development and activity (Sammons, 2009). Biologists believe these differences in the brain are all a result from the differences in hormones and chromosomes. Men have an X and Y chromosome where as women have two X chromosomes. The male develops the hormone testosterone and other hormones as a result of having the Y chromosome which leads to the male developing his genitals and also causes the males brain to develop differently to the females brain (Sammons, 2009) the differences’ in the brain development of the male caused by the extra hormones in adulthood, lead to behaviour differences from women such as aggression. Testosterone is the male sex hormone although it is still found in women it is found in greater quantities in men.
Are gender and sex the same thing? Explain why or why not? Gender is wheather a person is male or female. Sex in biological terms is the property or quality by which organisms are classified as female or male on the basis of their reproductive organs and functions.Gender and sex are not the same sex refers to the differences of biological and gender describes the characteristics of male and females. How do gender and sex contribute to the concepts and constructions of masculinity and femininity?
Males are considered masculine because they are “rough and tough” and females are considered feminine because of history and women having to act like a “proper lady”. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity? Yes I think our concepts of gender and sex contribute very much to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity. I think it has a lot to do with why we think some jobs are for women and some jobs are for men. For example the saying “women should be in the kitchen bare foot and pregnant”.
122 As a process, gender creates the social differences that define “woman” and “man.” In social interaction throughout their lives, individuals learn what is expected, see what is expected, act and react in expected ways, and thus simultaneously construct and maintain the gender order pg. 123 As part of a stratification system, gender ranks men above women of the same race and class pg. 123 The dominant categories are the hegemonic ideals, taken so for granted as the way things should be that white is not ordinarily thought of as race, middle class or men as a gender. The characteristics of these categories define the Other as that which lacks the valuable qualities the dominants exhibit. Pg.