What is the function of the iodine solution in the Gram stain? If it were omitted, how would staining results be affected? Iodine is used as a mordant, it combines with the dye in the Gram Stain. 2. What is the purpose of the alcohol solution in the Gram stain?
Review Sheet Week 8 Exercise 21.5 Questions 1. Morphology and culturing. Pneumococci are Gram-positive, oval to lancet- shaped cocci that usually occur in pairs or short chains Morphology refers to an organism's structure, form and appearance. Gram stains allow for better viewing of bacterial cell structure 2. Alpha hemolysis 3.
Unknown Lab Report: Enterobacter cloacae Jessica Sainvil Professor Cupido Bio 253L1 Thu 9:30-12:30 Due Date: 12/6/12 Unknown#103 Introduction The bacterium Enterobacter cloacae isolated from the given #103 was a Gram-negative Rod. The purpose of this lab was to isolate and identify the genus and species of an unknown bacterium. It is important to identify an unknown microorganism because knowing how the bacteria work and how it is structured means knowing how it can affect humans. Unknown bacteria may also be used clinically many pharmaceutical drugs are based on products made by organisms (Katzung, B.G.2004). In order to identify the unknown organism a series of tests were performed.
Carbohydrates- In this experiment We test for starch. We pour drops of Iodine onto the different liquids. If starch is present the liquid is to turn a blue/black color. Lipids- In this experiment we are testing for lipids. We pour a drop or two of water onto one piece of paper bag and another drop of oil onto a different piece of paper bag.
Post-Lab Questions: 1. Restate your hypothesis. Was it confirmed or denied? How do you know? If I put a mixture of potting soil and oil/vinegar/laundry detergent it will make four different types of dirty water.
By looking at the spread sheet it conveyed that all 3 bacterials were negative for the oxidase test. So, I assumed that if the oxidase test performed came back negative as well, this would verify that I chose wisely. The oxidase test would also detect if the bacteria produced cytochrome oxidase, it is also used to segregate between aerobic gram-negative organisms. The last experiment set up on this day was the fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) so that I could verify if my unknown bacteria was a aerobic or anaerobic
These being, E.Coli and S.Albus. Some of the developed antibiotics work on all forms of bacterial life, this means destroying of all bacteria it gets in contact with. Some act on a range of bacterial life, giving us the answers to which affect and do not affect the bacteria. Lastly some do not have any affect on the bacteria at all. In order to find out which antibiotics work on the bacteria, doing an agar plate test is the best way to get answers.
in nature, the bacteria can transfer these plasmids from bacteria to bacteria, transfering those beneficial genes. this mechanism allows bacteria to adapt to new and foreign environments. the continuous resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is due to the transmission of these plasmids. Bio-Rads unique pGLO plasmid encodes the gene for GFP and a gene for resistance the antibiotic ampicillin. pGLO can also control the gene expression of this fluorecent protein.
Methyl Red turns red for a PH that is lower than 4.4 and it turns orange for a Ph between 4.4 and 6.0. Methyl Red will turn yellow with a Ph of 6.0 or above. Red means that the bacteria produces stable acid end products, yellow color means no acid end products, and orange is inconclusive. ("Lab manual," nd, p. 140) the Voges-Proskauer test determines the
Examine your living organism and determine if it is a bacteria, achaean or a eukaryote. At each step in classification, check the requirements for each category to determine where the species belongs. You then would begin to ask yourself a series of questions about the organism one question will lead to another. If the organism cannot be identified through the questions you will than need to do a gram staining process. You will look at the bacteria through a microscope exposing the bacteria's cell wall to two types of stains: a violet and a red one.