Criminal behavior by children resulted from external forces such as impoverished living conditions or parental neglect. Juvenile criminality was seen as a kind of youthful illness, which possibly could be cured by relocating the juvenile to a better family life in a rural setting. Therefore, a separate justice system was established for juveniles in order to protect them and to provide them with treatment to enable their return to society as productive citizens. Illinois established the first juvenile court in the United States in 1899. By 1925, all but two states had established juvenile courts, and the laws establishing these courts emphasized rehabilitation of juvenile offenders.
Children were not only viewed as adults but also portrayed as adults. Victorian paintings often showed children as looking much older, and letters and documents investigated by Philippe Aries confirmed that there was no concept of childhood in this era. The nineteenth century also saw the law change to compulsory education for children, making a distinct divide among adults and children. This gave children not only separate legal status but also a chance to be provided with an education. Laws were also put in place to rule out marriage for children under 12 – a law that had never been imposed before.
Historical Events that Framed Juvenile Justice System Name Class Date Professor Historical Events that Framed Juvenile Justice System The juvenile justice system developed out of the Progressive Era’s push for reform in every aspect of society but especially in how criminal offenders were housed and treated by the criminal justice system. Before the Progressive Era male, female, and juvenile offenders were housed in the same prisons and subject to inhumane conditions. Through the influence of the reformers the light of the prison inmate began to change and a new prison system emerged that separated men and women prisoners and most importantly established the juvenile justice system. The fact that juvenile crime was becoming a real problem in American society during the latter part of the 19th Century was another important factor in the decisions of reformers and the criminal justice system to develop a juvenile justice system that would respond to the needs of the juvenile instead of treating them like criminal offenders (Cox, 2007). During this era members in society began to recognize the developmental difference between the juvenile delinquent and the adult criminal offender.
Juvenile Justice Process and Corrections Fenisa Robinson CJA-374 October 29, 2012 Crystal Gregory Juvenile Justice Process and Corrections Dismissal Dismissal Probable Cause Hearing Probable Cause Hearing Termination of court process upon completion of all requests with no additional criminal violations Termination of court process upon completion of all requests with no additional criminal violations Supervision – Post-Release Supervision – Post-Release Supervision - Protective Supervision - Protective Juvenile Development Juvenile Development Probation Probation Diversion * Release * Referral Diversion * Release * Referral Juvenile Crime Juvenile Crime Court Order Court Order Dismissed Dismissed Supervision Supervision No Supervision No Supervision Hearing Hearing Continue (up to six months) Continue (up to six months) Dismissal-case is closed Dismissal-case is closed Dispositional Proceedings Dispositional Proceedings Transfer to Superior Court Transfer to Superior Court Secure Custody Proceedings Secure Custody Proceedings First Appearance First Appearance Adjudication Adjudication Court Court Secure Custody Secure Custody Juvenile Appeal to D.A. Juvenile Appeal to D.A. Diversion Diversion Petition Petition Intake Intake Temporary Custody Temporary Custody Investigation Investigation Flow Chart for North Carolina Risk Assessment and Corrections Plan for Xander L. In reference to Mr. Xander L, 17-year-old African American male, it is proposed that he is first removed from the home and placed in temporary housing to which he will get the needed supervision until the mother is able to provide the necessary supervision. Within 10 days of placement, Xander must make contact with the local community college to set a time for aptitude testing as part of working towards earning a G.E.D.
The Juveniles Justice System Over a hundred years ago the first court was designed to deal with children this court was developed in Chicago. This court led to the development of much juvenile justice systems through out the nation. These courts were responsible to address crime committed by children in two forms. 1) Status offenses- this occurs when a child runs away from home he or she can be charges. 2) Delinquency offenses – Are act that a child could commit but if committed by an adult can result in he or she being criminally prosecuted.
At the same time, workshops were started to help the prisoners acquire skills in the trade. Under the leadership of William Penn, the suggestion to replace torture and mutilation for crimes made with hard labor in the correctional facilities was recommended (Siegel & Worrall, 2013 P. 258). Before this suggestion that was later repealed, there had been no hard labor in Pennsylvania during the colonial periods. After Penn’s suggestion, the evolution of
Both options have their own benefits and risks, but rehabilitation is the only choice that we can make as a civilized nation to cope with this problem. Juvenile Offenders The criminal justice system as a whole should focus on rehabilitation instead of punishment in virtually every juvenile case. There are no set guidelines to determine the age in which an offender is considered
However, no one strain can be used to explain delinquency, sometimes they all even work together. 2. For this particular subject some a few sources I found were in "The Relationship between Juvenile Delinquency and Family Unit Structure" The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental absence and juvenile delinquency and to determine if a link exists between the two variables. Data was collected from male juveniles who were alleged to have committed status or delinquent offenses between 1996 and 2004. Each offense was categorized according to the family unit (e.g., intact, father only, mother only, etc.
Family Life and Juvenile Delinquency Researchers have established that there many paths to juvenile delinquency and numerous risk factors that contribute to a youth’s opportunity to offend. The environment in which a child is raised plays a very crucial role in predicting their behaviour in adolescence and subsequent, in adulthood. Delinquency and criminal behaviour typically begin in the home and continue into society. Many modern criminologists argue that youth’s who were deprived of parental warmth and affection had weak family and social bonds and tended to develop a set of beliefs that were negative and hostile towards society (Walsh, 1991). Furthermore, child maltreatment is a consequential social problem.
The purpose of this paper is to exhibit the major factors of punishing juvenile offenders and the outcome these punishments produce. It is apparent that juvenile crime is a prevalent problem in the United States in which society should not disregard. On the contrary, the dilemma needs to be dealt with in a civilized manner that is in harmony with the universal standards of justice. There is a highly controversial debate regarding juvenile crime and the punishments allocated to the young offenders. However, when a child engages in criminal activity the degree of the sentence received should coincide with offense .The central emphasis of this content is to illustrate the effects of retribution by holding the juvenile justice system responsible for precisely applying the appropriate sanctions toward deserving individuals.