The History Of The Juveile Justice System

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Although the current juvenile justice system in many states now closely resembles the adult criminal justice system; they remain two separate systems of justice founded on different philosophies. Generally speaking, while the adult criminal justice system emphasizes the punishment of criminals; the juvenile justice system is based on the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders. In the early twentieth century the progressives began to perceive children in a new manner. Industrialization and modernization led to the view that children were “corruptible innocents whose upbringing required greater structure than had previously been regarded as prerequisite to adulthood.” Social scientists reported that because children are not fully developed they are not accountable for their actions in the same way as adults are accountable. Criminal behavior by children resulted from external forces such as impoverished living conditions or parental neglect. Juvenile criminality was seen as a kind of youthful illness, which possibly could be cured by relocating the juvenile to a better family life in a rural setting. Therefore, a separate justice system was established for juveniles in order to protect them and to provide them with treatment to enable their return to society as productive citizens. Illinois established the first juvenile court in the United States in 1899. By 1925, all but two states had established juvenile courts, and the laws establishing these courts emphasized rehabilitation of juvenile offenders. Judge R.S. Tuthill, the first juvenile court judge of Cook County, Illinois, prioritized the court’s responsibilities as first to the welfare of the child and then to the welfare of the community. The early juvenile court also focused on the individual offender, not the offense, and acted like a parent in its treatment of juveniles. Its main goal was not to judge
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