Drug Abuse And Dependence

344 Words2 Pages
Addictive disorders like drug abuse are the most widespread and intransigent mental health problems facing us today. Many problems of alcohol use involve difficulties that stem solely from the intoxicating effects of the substances. Dependence occurs when an individual develops a tolerance for the substance or exhibits withdrawal symptoms when it is not available. Drug abuse disorders may involve physiological dependence on substances, such as opiates- particularly heroin-or barbiturates; however psychological dependence may also occur with any of the drugs that are commonly used today-for e.g. marijuana. A number of factors are considered important in the etiology of substance abuse disorders. Some substances, such as alcohol and opium, stimulate brain centers that produce euphoria-which then becomes a desired goal. Psychological factors – such as psychological vulnerability, stress, and the desire for tension reduction and disturbed marital relationships are also seen as important etiologic elements in the substance –use disorders. Possible causal factors in drug abuse include the influence of peer groups, the existence of so- called “drug culture,” and the availability of drugs as tension reducers or pain relievers. Some recent research has explored a possible physiological basis for drug abuse. The discovery of endorphins, morphine-like substances produced by the body, has led to speculation that a biochemical basis of drug addiction may exist. The so-called “pleasure pathway (MCLP) has come under a great deal of study in recent years as the possible potential anatomic site underlying the addictions. The treatment of individuals who abuse drugs is generally difficult to treat and often fails. The abuse may reflect a long history of psychological difficulties; interpersonal and marital distress may be involved; and financial and legal problems may be
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