1) Genetic engineering or genetic modification is the process of altering an organism’s genetic material for a beneficial purpose. Genetic modification is used to improve the products we obtain from plants and animals making them more nutritious, less-harmful manufacturing processes, and production in large quantities making them less expensive. 2) Gene Therapy- when an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal gene in order to treat a disorder or medical disease Plasmid- small circular DNA molecules in the cytoplasm of bacteria, these molecules cut DNA into a recognizable sequences DNA Polymerase Chain (PCR)- technique used to make copies of a certain gene. Biologists particularly use this with tiny genes that are rarely available. Hybridization- crossing different traits to bring the best of organisms into one.
A plasmid is a spherical self-replicating DNA molecule that is not actually a part of the bacterial cell but can integrate itself into the bacterial chromosome. While it is not required for the living and reproduction of the bacterial cell plasmids can provide advantages in stressful environments such as the ability to break down X-Gal in this experiment. Procedure 1. Mark one sterile 15-mL tuba "+pBLU;" mark another "-pBLU." (Plasmid DNA will be added to +BLU tube; no will be added to –BLU tube.)
Experiment Chromatography Of Food Dyes Abstract This experiment is to determine the presence of a mixture in a substance. Chromatography is used to separate substance in a mixture or separating components from a mixture. Using chromatography with a solvent we are able to separate the different mixtures found in a substance. Chromatography can tell if a sample is pure or if it is made up of several different substances. Experiment & Observation I gathered together my items; distilled water, salt, ruler, scissors, stapler pencil, tape, 16 toothpicks, Kool-Aid drink mix strawberry and grape, set of McCormick food coloring red, yellow, green and blue, small bag of M&M candy, plastic beaker 50 mL, petri dish 60mm, well-plate 24, FDC blue dye #1 0.5 mL vial, FDC blue dye #2 0.5 mL vial FDC red dye #3 0.5 mL vial, FDC red dye #40 0.5 mL vial, FDC yellow dye #5 0.5 mL vial, FDC yellow dye #6 0.5 mL vial, unknown 0.5 mL vial, 3 filter paper chrom 14x7 cm.
Based on this result, what biological molecules are present in the chocolate chip cookie solution? What is the relationship between monosaccharides and starches? Experiment 3: Lipid Test Fill in the table below with the results from the lipids test experiment. Results Lipids Test Solution Initial Color Color with Sudan Solution corn Oil water What results would you expect from a sudan test of chicken soup? What is the size difference between fat polymers and starch and protein polymers?
The purpose of these primers were to select specific regions that will be amplified. Using primers TauT7F1 (5’ - ATC CCA GAA GGA ACC ACA GCT GAA - 3’) and TauT7R1 (5’ - TGT TTG GTC AAC TGG ACT CGT TCC - 3’), PCR reactions (based on standard PCR protocols) were employed to amplify the tau DNA region in the plasmid. 25 μL of master mix with the plasmid template DNA was treated with 1 μL each of forward and reverse primers, and 25 μL of water was finally added to make it to a total volume of 50 μL. Spectrometric analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis were conducted to analyze purity of the PCR product. From the gel electrophoresis, we found that the PCR product was about 600 bps.
| | | A) | endoplastic reticulum | | | B) | microtubules | | | C) | cytoplasm | | | D) | mitochondria | | | | | | Feedback: The cell's chemical processes take place in a semifluid material called the cytoplasm. This material provides an ideal environment for organelles because of its fluidity. | | 7 CORRECT | | This shows an example of endoplasmic reticulum. What is the significance of its structure? | | | A) | provides a location for DNA production | | | B) | helps decrease surface area | | | C) | allows selective permeability of cell membrane | | | D) | facilitates breakdown of chemical bonds | | | | | | Feedback: The pleats and folds of the endoplasmic reticulum provides a large surface area where cellular functions, such as breaking chemical bonds, can take place.
Strawberry DNA Purpose: To extract DNA from the fruit of a strawberry plant. Background: In this lab we extracted DNA from a strawberry. DNA, or, deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. DNA is located in the nucleus of the cell, and is made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Materials: * Heavy duty zip-lock baggie * 1 strawberry (fresh or frozen and thawed) * Cheesecloth * Funnel * 100 ml beaker * Test Tube * Wooden coffee stirrer * DNA extraction buffer * Ice-cold 95% isopropyl alcohol Hypothesis: DNA can be extracted if you use certain buffers.
September17.2013 P.4 Environmental Sources Of Bacteria Purpose: We did this lab to find out exactly which conditions would help to grow a bacterium the best. Materials: • Agar • Petri dish • Cotton • Incubator • Tape • Bacteria Procedure: 1. Mark bottom of Petri dish 2. Split petri dish into 4 sections and label the sections 3. Pour hot agar into dish 4.
19 Dec. 2013. Web Site: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/testing/procedure Genetics Home Reference. N.p., n.d. , 16 Dec.2013. "Do All Gene Mutations Affect Health and Development?" - Web.
Bacterial transformation Genetic transformation is the uptake and expression of DNA on living organisms, and genetic transformations require 3 conditions “(1)a host in which DNA can be inserted (2) a mean of carrying the DNA into the host, and (3) a method for selecting and isolating the successfully transformed organisms” in this experiment we tested genetic transformation using Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) as the bacteria or the host organism, because E. Coli’s properties makes it ideal for transformation. The vector, a DNA molecule that carries DNA sequence into a host, in our experiment is the Plasmids, which are the simplest bacterial vectors. We placed the plasmid in the one tube of calcium chloride and labeled it +and both the + and the – were cooled and heat shocked, we predicted that the on the negative side there would be no growth, on the positive side, we expected that we would experience growth with the Luria broth/ ampicillin that it would have scattered white colonies, we also predicted that those who pick up the plasmid in the Luria broth/ ampicillin/ X-gale plate would experience growth especially scattered colonies blue, and our group didn’t get the Luria broth(+).Mainly the plates that didn’t get the plasmid would not experience growth. We first started by (1) marking one 15-ml tube “+” and other we labeled “-” (2) secondly using a sterile transfer pipet we added 250ul of ice cold calcium chloride in each tube (3) and we placed both tubes on ice, (4) then using a sterile plastic inoculating loop to transfer isolated colonies from the started plate to the + tube we made sure not to transfer any agar from the plate along with the cell mass and then immersed the cells on the loop in the calcium chloride solution in + tube and then made sure that the cell had fallen off the loop (5) then we made sure that there was no clumps of cells remain in the