________________ ! ________________ ! Enzyme " RNA polymerase Regents Biology! Regents Biology! Matching bases of DNA & RNA !
The enzyme that is responsible for replicating molecules of DNA by attaching complementary bases in the correct sequence is called ____________________ ____________________. 27. Enzymes called ____________________ are responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the complementary strands together. 28. Errors in nucleotide sequences are called ____________________.
Transduction involves transfer of DNA from one bacterium into another via bacteriophages. Conjugation involves transfer of DNA via sexual pilus and requires cell –to-cell contact. DNA fragments that contain resistance genes from resistant donors can then make previously susceptible bacteria express resistance as coded by these newly acquired resistance genes. 7. A plasmid is an independent, circular, self-replicating DNA molecule that carries only a few genes.
Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei used mRNA made up of repeating uracil nucleotides in a cell free extract. They obtained amino acid chains consisting of phenylalanine. What did they learn when they asked the question, ”What happens when mRNA made up of only cytosine, alanine, and guanine are placed in a cell free extract?” 10. Explain how the structure of tRNA helps it to deliver the correct amino acid to the corresponding mRNA codon at the ribosome. Sketch the structure of a tRNA molecule, making sure to label the amino acid and the
Cocci bacteria exchange the genetic material to the DNA of the host cells therefore causing ailments (Heritage, 2006). In this case, the pathogen first attaches itself through infection to the host living thing, then penetrates to the cells and again attaches to the host cells. Some species of the cocci bacteria have the capability to generate very resistive structure called endospores (Heritage, 2006). This resistive
Genetic Transformation of Escherichia coli with pGLO Ahmed Islam Abstract Aim: This experiment is designed to help understand the concept of genetic transformation. This is the uptake of DNA fragments from the environment by a competent bacterium. Competency must be induced in bacterium such as Escheria coli. Also, this lab helps understand the concepts of plasmids, specifically pGLO, and their genes, specifically green fluorescent gene (GFP). Expression will be regulated using promoters.
We tested genetic transformation using Escherichia Coli (E. coli) as the bacteria or the host organism, because E. coli properties makes it ideal for transformation. The vector, a DNA molecule that carries DNA sequence into a host, in our experiment is Plasmids, which are the simplest bacterial vectors. We placed the plasmid only in the positive tube with E.coli and calcium chloride, that were cooled and heat shocked in order to make gap in the bilayer for the plasmid to slide through before phospholipid bilayer moves. We assume that E.coli cells with the plasmid will survive on a dish filled with ampicillin, also the E. coli cells that have no plasmid will survive in a petro dish without ampicillin and will die in a dish filled with ampicillin. Methods and materials: We first started by marking one micro tube “+” and other we labeled “-”.
From the gel electrophoresis, we found that the PCR product was about 600 bps. Spectrometric analysis helped us to find the concentration of amplified DNA which was about 65 μL/mL. The next step was to produce digoxigenin-UTP labelled RNA probe by in vitro transcription of PCR amplified tau DNA with T7 RNA polymerase. About 4 μL of template DNA was added to a sterile, RNase-free reaction vial. The total sample volume was made up to 13 μL by adding water.
| e. | absorb compounds from the external environment. | ____ 5. Which of the following statements about the origin of genetic material is most probably correct? The first genes were a. | DNA produced by reverse transcriptase from abiotically produced RNA.
Title: Lab 2: Bacteria and Protists Aim: 1. To differentiate bacteria using the Gram Stain 2. To investigate the three common bacterial shapes 3. To observe the various types of protists Procedure: Refer to the lab manual page 12-19 Result: Part I (A): |Gram-positive | |Streptococcus |Micrococcus | | | | |Gram-negative | |Escherichia coli |Serratia | | | | Part I (B): Table 1. Agar plates.