Critically Assess the Impact of Private Collectors and Auction Houses on the Trade in Illegal Antiquities

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Antiquities can be an object, building or a work of art from the past, and if they have been looted they can potentially be traded. Looting is the illicit, unrecorded and unpublished excavation of ancient sites to provide antiquities for commercial profit. Renfrew suggested two forms of attack on the problem of looting; eliminating illegal excavations in the country of origin and tackling the distribution of illegal antiquities with a universal legal framework. The difference between private collectors and auction houses are; private collectors have bought and own the artefact, whereas auction houses are the companies that run auctions. There are various laws that have been put into place to try and stop illegal trading, however with provenance being falsified this is becoming a bigger issue. The impact of the antiquities trade in archaeology from private collectors can involve artefacts that are of a similar kind being seperated. An excellent example of this is the Sevso Treasure. There are 14 pieces that belong to this collection and they are valued at £100 million, they have been dated to the 14 century, due to a dedication on the plate to Sevso. It is in the basement of a London auction house and Lord Northampton owns it. The initial problem with the Sevso treasure was looting and missing provenance, Lord Renfrew claimed “it must have been looted...before 1980”. Along with these problems it was also smuggled from Hungary, who now claim it was theirs. This is due to a big factor; in a cellar, there was a hole in the corner, which had been retouched and was the same size as the cauldron containing the Sevso treasure. There was a suspicious death, where a man was found hanging, however his feet were on the ground, along with three sets of footprints entering and two sets leaving. At the time police claimed it was suicide, however further investigations have led

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