The C=O stretching of the products are slightly lower than the C=O stretching signal exhibited by ethyl acetoacetate. This is because the product composes of unsaturated esters. On the other hand, ethyl acetoacetate composes of saturated ester. Finally compared to urea, the N-H stretch for the products has 2 bands and the frequencies are lower due to the presence of hydrogen bonding. f) 1H NMR Spectra Analysis g) Benefits of Solvent-Free Biginelli Reaction Firstly, there is less waste generated in the solvent-free method since solvents are considered as waste.
The hypothesized result was that the furthest distance would be the most effective, and absorbance would decrease as the light became closer. The results supported the hypothesis and showed that the three distances all yielded a relatively similar and that all the absorbances were in fact lower than the control group. The results also showed that as the light was moved further away from the chloroplasts the DPIP was reduced faster, producing a lower absorbance. Effect of Light Wavelength In this experiment different colors of light were tested in order to see which caused the photosynthetic process to be the most efficient. Discs made of spinach leaves were deoxygenated and placed in beakers with different wavelengths of light in order to measure which wavelength produced the most oxygen the fastest.
Titration lab report Chemistry unit 3 Abstract In this investigation it was looked at the titration of HCL with NaOH, this is a neutralization reaction that is performed in lab in order to determine an unknown concentration of acid (HCL). In this investigation the moles and concentration of acid as well as the Ph of the solution were find out, the mole of 25ml of HCL was 0.65, concentration was 0.026 and the Ph of solution was 1.58Ph. Introduction Titration is a process to measure the volume of an end product, which is produced by reacting a solution of known concentration with a measured volume of a solution of an unknown concentration. The known concentration solution is called a standard solution, it will be added from a buret to allow measure the amount of solution which is added. The solution that is added by buret also called titrant.
We could use paper indicators (litmus paper) instead of a liquid indicator, then we could keep a more accurate record of the results. Questions: 2 Other Indicators: Red Cabbage Red cabbage is a naturally occurring indicator. When a red cabbage is grown, it is blue. Once sliced and with tap water added, it is quite blue. This is because tap water’s pH level is just over neutral (base).
Another reason I believe that the low-density Polythene will break first is because the monomers are in straight lines and the high-density polymers overlap giving the material more strength. Conclusion: My graphs show the best estimates for all of the measurements taken disregarding anomalous results. The overall trend is that when more weight is added, the plastics stretch more (which follows Hookes Law; extension is proportional to force applied). Therefore, we can see a positive correlation. When comparing the two different materials on a graph the slope of the line gives an indication of the average (mean) extension at a given force for both the low-density Polythene and the high density Polythene.
Discussion The advantages of simple distillation would be that, simple distillation is faster and accurate enough to give us an idea of the separation. While the advantages of fractional distillation, is that the accuracy of the fractional distillation is better than simple. Also fractional distillation gives us a better separation and purity. Disadvantage of simple is that the separation of the mixture does not give us a high purity of the compounds. Fraction distillation takes up more time to separate, therefore giving us a better purity.
The Fischer esterification works just as fine and is cheaper so why not. Mechanism for Acetylsalicylic acid Overall Reaction [pic] Complete Mechanism (HA- was substituted for H3PO4 to simply the mechanism) [pic] Side Reaction [pic] Experimental [pic] Table of Chemicals Salicylic Acid [pic] Mp: 159 Mm: 138.121 g/mol Mf: C7H603 Appearance: colorless to white crystals Hazards: eye and skin irritant Acetic Anhydride [pic] Mp: -73.1 Mm: 102.09 g/mol Mf: C4H603 Appearance: colorless liquid Hazard: corrosive Acetylsalicylic Acid [pic] Mp: 136 Mm: 180.157 g/mol Mf: C9H804 Appearance: white crystals Hazards: combustile powder if dispersed in the air. Phosphoric Acid [pic] Mp: 42.35 Mm: 98 g/mol Mf: H3PO4 Appearance: white solid or colorless Hazards: possibly corrosive Results Acetylsalicylic acid Mp: 95-105 Color of crystals:
Carotene is carried along near the solvent front because it is very soluble in the solvent being used and because it forms no hydrogen bonds with cellulose. Xanthophyll differs from carotene in that it contains oxygen. It is also found further from the solvent front because it is less soluble in the solvent and has been slowed down by hydrogen bonding to the cellulose. Chlorophylls contain oxygen and nitrogen and are bound more tightly to the paper than are the other pigments. The primary photosynthetic pigment in plants is Chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll a molecules as well as chlorophyll b and the carotenoids capture light energy and transfer it to the single chlorophyll a molecule at the reaction center.
Organic Chemistry Preparation of Methyl Orange Purpose In this experiment the azo dye methyl orange is prepared by the diazo coupling reation. Introduction The first step is called “diazotization”. The first product obtained from the coupling is the bright red acid for of methyl organge, called helianthin. In base, helianthin is converted to the orange sodium salt, called methyl organge (1). Reaction Scheme [pic] Although sulfanilic acid is insoluble in acid solutions, it is nevertheless necessary to carry out the diazotization reaction in an acid (HNO2) solution.
Identify that your Excedrin is a mixture of organic molecules using thin layer chromatography (TLC), melting point (mp) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR). 2. Determine the solubility of the components of Excedrin in various solvents. 3. Separate the components of your poisoned Excedrin using solubility characteristics and extractions.