Solvent Free Reaction

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The product ethyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate was characterized by the presence of the following IR bands: Characteristic Functional groups IR freq / cm-1 Part A Part B 2o N-H stretching 3240, 3105 3240, 3105 Ester and amide C=O stretching 1726, 1697, 1643 1722, 1694, 1643 Table 3: Characteristic IR signals of products for Part A and B In order to show that the reactions studied in this experiment were complete and successful, there must be certain characteristic differences in the signals obtained for both the products from the reactants. Both products have N-H stretching that is absent in benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate. Moreover, IR spectrum of A and B show evidence of C=O stretches due to ester groups that are absent in urea. The products also no longer have the characteristic C-H aldehyde stretch at around 2700-2900 cm-1 that benzaldehyde has. The C=O stretching of the products are slightly lower than the C=O stretching signal exhibited by ethyl acetoacetate. This is because the product composes of unsaturated esters. On the other hand, ethyl acetoacetate composes of saturated ester. Finally compared to urea, the N-H stretch for the products has 2 bands and the frequencies are lower due to the presence of hydrogen bonding. f) 1H NMR Spectra Analysis g) Benefits of Solvent-Free Biginelli Reaction Firstly, there is less waste generated in the solvent-free method since solvents are considered as waste. Thus less time and money will be spent to treat and dispose off this waste. Secondly, the reaction time is greatly reduced from 90 minutes for the traditional method to just 15 minutes for the solvent-free method. The zinc (II) chloride acts as a catalyst to lower the activation energy barrier of the reation and allows the reaction to take place at milder conditions and at a faster rate. So
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