Central nervous system disturbances may be noted with decreased cardiac output. •Observe for chest pain or discomfort; note location, radiation, severity, quality, duration, associated manifestations such as nausea, and precipitating and relieving factors. Chest pain/discomfort is generally indicative of an inadequate blood supply to the heart, which can compromise cardiac output. Clients with heart failure can continue to have chest pain with angina or can re-infarct. •If chest pain is present, have client lie down, monitor cardiac rhythm, give oxygen, run a strip, medicate for pain, and notify the physician.
a. Absorption would not happen correctly some of the ingested and secreted may seep out of the lumen. This also could create a pathway of entry for pathogens if the ulcer ate through to the muscularis mucosa. You may lose some control of defecation. B. If Zach has a peptic ulcer affecting his stomach or duodenum, which components of the peritoneum will be affected?
3. How does damage to the PNS affect the body? c. Some may experience temporary numbness, tingling, and pricking sensations, sensitivity to touch, or muscle weakness. Pthers may suffer from more extreme symptoms including, burning pain, muscle wasting, paralysis, or organ or gland dysfunction, people may become unable to digest food easily, maintain safe levels of blood pressure, sweat normally, or experience normal sexual function. In the most extreme cases, breathing may become difficult or organ failure may occur.
Because electrolytes play an important role in homeostasis, the danger of dehydration and an electrolyte balance is life threatening. If the potassium or sodium levels are too high or low, it can interfere with the electrical activity within the heart causing it to have abnormal rhythms or a myocardial infarction. Low blood pressure, confusion, disorientation and renal failure can all be dangerous when there are dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Confirmed Physical Health, online classroom, and learning guide HLTAP401B. Tortora/Grabowski, Ninth Edition, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York, Chichester, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto.
e) Monitor the level of consciousness/mental status f) Monitor the signs of potassium imbalance resulting from hypoinsulinemia and osmotic diuresis. g) Cardiac monitoring on the ECG is done to aid in detecting hyperkalemia and hypokalemia because characteristic changes indicating potassium excess or deficit are
If this fails, a pancrelipase and sodium bicarbonate solution may be instilled in order to "digest" the clog. Metabolic complications: Metabolic complications of enteral nutrition are similar to those that occur during PN, although the incidence and severity may be less. Careful monitoring can minimize or prevent metabolic complications. Refeeding syndrome: Refeeding of severely malnourished patients may result in "refeeding syndrome" in which there are acute decreases in circulating levels of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate. The sequel of refeeding syndrome adversely affect nearly every organ system and include cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, acute respiratory failure, coma, paralysis, nephropathy, and liver dysfunction.
A. List Joseph’s risk factors and create a brief summary of the information you have so far. Identify how his risk factors would affect cellular function. The risk factors for Joseph are history of hypertension, poor diet, weight gain, stress, family history of vascular disease, and smoking. These risk factors affect cellular function by slowing down the amount of oxygen and blood flow the cells are receiving.
He would see a decrease in urinary output as his kidneys worked to maintain volume in the body. 3. Marks blood pressure was low because his blood vessels had dilated to dissipate heat. His heart rate would vary depending upon what stage he was in. Initially it would rise in an attempt to compensate and hold the blood pressure up, but after awhile the body would tire and his heart rate would fall.
1. What are some of the common errors in blood pressure assessment that result in incorrect high or low readings? Failure to maintain and calibrate the equipment can be a source for false
Renal causes may be due to reduced renal function. The causes are acute and chronic kidney failure, acute and chronic nephritis, tubular necrosis and other renal diseases. Post renal causes may be due to reduced excretion of urea. And these could be due to obstruction to urinary outflow such as by calculi, bladder and prostate tumours, or a severe infection (Bishop ML 6th edition). The main cause of uremia is damage to the kidneys, whether because of Bright’s disease (glomerulonephritis), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or some other disorder that impairs kidney