Prominences 1. Prominences are immense clouds of glowing gases that erupt from the upper chromosphere. 2. The loops or arches of gases may shoot as high as 100 000 kilometres from the surface of the Sun. This allows some of the surface gases, mainly hydrogen and helium, to escape into space.
The four largest of these were seen by Galileo when he made one of the first telescopes. The way they moved round the planet convinced him that the old idea, that everything moves round the Earth, must be wrong. The following was kindly contributed by Russell Odell The sun contains 99.9 percent of the mass in the solar system. The remaining 0.1 percent make up the other planets and their moons, and Jupiter took most of that mass. If Jupiter were a shell, all the other planets and their moons could fit inside with room to spare.
Astronomy 10 Chapter 11 1. Both used to be normal stars but the white dwarf ran out of hydrogen, they are both subjected to gravitational theories. A Neutron star is a fluid of neutrons, as hot at its surface as the inside of the sun and has a greater magnetic field. 3. Because its density is so high, neutrons spin in the same way that electrons do so must obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle.
What were the main components of the atmosphere when the Earth formed, and what are the main components today? How and why did they change? The atmosphere of Earth is primarily a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. Earth’s original atmosphere was probably just hydrogen and helium. They changed because the molecules of hydrogen and helium were moving so fast that they eventually escaped the Earth.
Sunspots and Flares Our Sun, the 5-billion-year-old star that sustains life here on Earth, powers photosynthesis in green plants and is ultimately the source of all food and fossil fuel. The connection and interaction between the Sun and Earth drive the seasons, currents in the oceans, weather and climate. With a core reaching a fiery 16 million degrees Kelvin (nearly 29 million degrees Fahrenheit), the Sun's surface temperature is so hot that no solid or liquid can exist there. As early as the fifth century B.C., the Chinese reported having observed dark spots on the sun. In 1960, Galileo Galilei of Italy, Johannes Fabricius of Holland, Christopher Scheiner of Germany, and Thomas Harriott of Englandeach independently
Comet tails are made up of simple ionized molecules, including carbon monoxide and dioxide. By action of solar wind, molecules are blown away, forming a thin stream of hot gases continuously ejected from the solar corona. In case you do not know the meaning of a solar corona, it is the outermost atmosphere of the Sun. Amazingly, the thin streams of high gases move at a speed of approximately 400 kilometers (250 miles) per second (as cited in Yeomans 1991 p. 185). In addition, a comet frequently also displays smaller, curved tails composed of fine dust particles blown from the coma by the pressure of solar
The number of on any planet can be used to estimate how old the surface is. a. sunspots b. craters c. solar flares d. auroras 18. is only slightly smaller, less massive, and less dense than Earth is. a. Mercury b. Mars c. Venus d.
Flying in space, you see this really small thing. Is it a rock? Is it a meteor? Oh wait, it’s Pluto! You think you are so cool because you are by the smallest planet, well at least you think it’s a planet.
Later you might be going along in orbit and that tool could smash into the shuttle! Fortunately something like that would not stay in orbit forever. The shuttle is only a few hundred miles up. There is a very small amount of atmosphere up there, just enough to gradually slow "space junk" down so that it eventually falls into the atmosphere and burns
Scientist haven’t been able to get many samples of stars as touching them results in an unsatisfactory burning sensation, followed by death. As all the gas is compressed, stars spend millions of years producing vast amounts of heat and light until their untimely deaths, although they aren’t exactly untimely, you can judge how long a star will live based on size and the colour which gives away how powerful the nuclear reaction actually is. Their deaths come about when there isn’t enough gravity or one of the gases required runs out. Then a star has to start using helium for its fusion, this means that there is far more pressure and heat because it is less reactive than hydrogen. However if it doesn’t have enough gas to create helium fusion it creates a red dwarf/red giant.