Alpha hemolysis 3. Streptococcus pneumoniae are Gram-positive, lancet-shaped cocci (elongated cocci with a ... sensitive to bacitracin than other beta hemolytic streptococci. 4. the swelling of the capsule surrounding a microorganism after reaction with an antibody; the basis of certain tests for identifying microorganisms; "pneumococcus quellung" 5. capsules provide protection from viruses. they can be slippery to defend themselves from being eaten. Protects the bacteria from phagocytosis allowing the bacteria to stay in the body 6. pure culture 7.
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/h-pylori-cancer http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hpylori/ Characteristics Helicobacter pylori, or H. pylori, is a spiral-shaped bacterium that grows in the mucus layer that coats the inside of the human stomach. Note cards: Symptoms Most individuals infected with H. pylori have few or no symptoms. They may experience a few episodes of gastritis (minor belching, bloating, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort), but little or nothing else. Often, these symptoms simply cease. However, those individuals who have a more serious infection exhibit symptoms of stomach and duodenal ulcers or gastritis which include the following: Abdominal pain and/or discomfort that usually does
What kinds of clinical specimens may yield a mixed flora in bacterial cultures? Oral, Skin, or GI specimens 5. When more than one colony type appears in pure culture, what are the most likely sources of extraneous contamination? Individual colonies can be picked up on the inoculating loop, or straight wire and inoculated in to the fresh agar or brother media References Cowan, M. K. (2012). MICROBIOLOGY: A SYSTEMS APPROACH, THIRD EDITION.
They can be found in soil. These rod-shaped organisms grow best in low oxygen conditions. The bacteria form spores which allow them to survive in a dormant state until exposed to conditions that can support their growth. There are seven types of botulism toxin designated by the letters A through G; only types A, B, E and F cause illness in humans. How common is botulism?
The pros are the reduced risk of creating resistant microorganisms and less chance of harming the host. C) Antimicrobial resistance can be observed when: - The bacteria is able to change the cell envelope and prevents the agent from entering the cell - The bacteria increase the release of toxins and decrease the effect of the agent - The bacteria multiply rapidly and start forming biofilms which inactivate the agent. D) - I measured an affected area with a diameter of 22mm around the Novobiocin after 72 hours. This indicates according to table 1 that the S.epidermidis is susceptible to Novobiocin. - Gentamicin measured an area with a diameter of 19mm around it= S.epidermidis is susceptible to
The shape of the bacteria is one of the major factors that determine the mechanism through which the pathogenic bacteria are able to spread diseases. Cocci bacteria can either take the form of staphylococci, clostridium tetani or corynebacterium diphtheria, all of which are highly infectious (Heritage, 2006). The shape has the adaptation to spread diseases to the host living thing yet protect the bacteria from attack by the environment in which it is in. Furthermore, the structure contributes to the ability of the bacteria to spread from one living thing to another (Staskawicz etal, 1987). Cocci bacteria exchange the genetic material to the DNA of the host cells therefore causing ailments (Heritage, 2006).
What is E. coli? Escherichia coli (E. coli) are gram-negative bacteria that can survive in an environment with or without air (facultative anaerobes) and, depending on the environment, may or may not produce thin hair-like structures (flagella or pili) that allow the bacteria to move and to attach to human cells. These bacteria commonly live in the intestines of people and animals worldwide. There are many strains (over 700 serotypes) of E. coli. Most of the E. coli are normal inhabitants of the small intestine and colon and do not cause disease in the intestines (non-pathogenic).
The overuse of antibiotics enables the bacteria to build up immunity to antibiotics so that they are less effective. MRSA bacteria normally lives on the skin and in the nose without causing problems. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, less than 2 percent of the population carries the type of staph bacteria known as MRSA (Mayo Clinic Staff). It is when a infection occurs that the bacteria becomes a problem.
ANTIBIOTICS 1. For each of the following antibiotics name the microorganism responsible for their production, using the appropriate naming convention. a) Penicillin: Penicillium chrysogenum/P.notatum b) Erythromycin: Saccharopolyspora erythraea c) Vancomycin : Amycolaptosis orientali 2. Explain why antibiotics are produced by microorganisms. Antibiotics are produced by microorganism because they inhibit the growth of or kill other microorganisms; they are effective in low concentrations and act on specific species of microorganisms.
It begins at the site of a break in the skin (a surgical or non-surgical wound). In order for someone to contract necrotizing fasciitis, the bacteria must be introduced into the body. Group A Strep is the same bacterium that causes strep throat This group of bacteria is responsible for mild cases of sore throat (pharyngitis), skin infections, as well as rare, severe illnesses such as toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis. However, there are various strains of the bacteria, some of which are more powerful than others. With the right set of conditions, necrotizing fasciitis is a real risk and can cause severe damage.