Biology Respiration Key Terms Gcse

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Respiration (1) Of, pertaining to, having, or requiring the presence of air or free oxygen. (2) Requiring air or oxygen for life or survival, used especially to refer to aerobic bacteria. (3) Pertaining to respiration occurring in the presence of oxygen, as aerobic respiration. Glucose Glucose is one of the products of photosynthesis in plants and other photosynthetic organisms. In plants, glucose molecules are stored as repeating units of sugar (e.g. starch). Glucose also serves as an important metabolic intermediate of cellular respiration. In animals, an excess of glucose is stored as glycogen. Carbon Dioxide In animals, carbon dioxide is a chemical compound that accumulates in the tissues and removed from the body when an animal exhales. It is therefore a metabolic byproduct of carbohydrate metabolism. In plants, carbon dioxide is an important reactant to produce sugars by photosynthesis. Energy In biology, energy is often stored by cells in biomolecules, like carbohydrates (sugars) and lipids. The energy is released when these molecules have been oxidized during cellular respiration. The energy released from them when they are oxidized during cellular respiration is carried and transported by an energy-carrier molecule called ATP. Glycogen Glycogen is sometimes referred to as "animal starch." It is an analogue of starch in plants, only it is less branched. Under the microscope, glycogen has a characteristic asterisk or star appearance. When the body needs energy, glycogen is broken down into glucose with glucagon. Small amounts of glycogen can be found in the kidneys, and some glial cells in the brain and white blood cells. The uterus also stores glycogen during pregnancy to nourish the embryo. Oxygen Debt A cumulative deficit of oxygen resulting from intense exercise; the deficit must be made up when the body returns to rest. A
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