Assignment 1: Asses the 6 psychological perspectives Explain and assess all 6 of the psychological perspectives you have learnt. Behaviourist – Ivan Pavlov conducted an experiment called ‘Classical Conditioning’. At first, the Russian physiologist was working on an investigation of a dog’s digestive system, and the amount of salvation levels towards food. He had the dog in a harness, and a test tube under the dog’s mouth to collect the saliva. However, every time the dog saw the experimenter, the dog had already started to salivate before it came close to eating the food; this was unusual.
The theory is that people/animals are taught to be the way they are and react e.g. exceptionally emotional or overly aggressive. Classical conditioning. The classical conditioning theory was made known by Ivan Pavlov (see photo on right). He studied the behaviour of dogs using a machine installed in a special room as shown in the picture below.
Skinner studied operant conditioning by conducting experiments using animals which he placed in a “Skinner Box” which was similar to Thorndike’s puzzle box. What is Classical Conditioning? Classical conditioning is the way we develop responses to certain stimuli that are not naturally occurring, e.g. when we touch a hot stove our reflex is to pull our hand back. It does so instinctively and no learning is involved, it is merely a survival instinct.
Classical conditioning refers to the process of learning through association. This involves an animal or a human learning to associate something new with something that naturally causes a response eventually making the new thing cause the same response itself. A key example found within psychology for the process of classical conditioning would be that of Pavlov’s dog experiment. Pavlov was initially doing experiments on dogs and salivating and noticed that when the dogs heard his footsteps, they begin to salivate involuntarily. This is due to them learning to associate the sound of Pavlov’s footstep with food.
Pavlov designed an investigation which was tested on dogs to investigate their digestive system. Pavlov monitored their digestive system by attaching the dogs to a harness this monitored their stomach and mouth which could measure the production of saliva. Pavlov discovered in his experiment that the dogs salivate when an assistant walks in with a bowl of food therefore without tasted the food when they look at it they begin to salivate. Food led to response of salivation, Pavlov discovered that salvation is automatic therefore it’s not learned he named this response as
They go through unimaginable constant and unbearable amount of pain and suffering. Poor helpless dogs who can not survive on their own and rely on humans to allow them to live. Dogs in puppy mills are beaten. Pain purposely inflicted on them while they are weak and defenseless. Humans are their voice and at the same time humans are what is putting them through pain.
Psychosocial assignment This assignment is going to be looking at an individual’s psychological, social and cultural needs and will be looking at ways in which they could be discriminated against and how this could be affecting them socially and psychologically and how they can be empowered to overcome this. It will also look at other psychological factors that could be affecting them and how this could be impacting on them and look at what types of healthcare professionals may be available to help them. It will assess their different health promotion needs and how these could be met. The character that has been chosen to write about from the scenario is Betty. Anti- discriminatory practice is when a difference in someone is identified
This theory had the concept of: •How the surrounding environment affected one’s behaviour through their response •Behaviourism is on learning. The cooperation between stimulus and response is how learning takes place •There is no fundamental difference between behaviour of humans and animals and that each of them learn through the stimulus-response method. Classical conditioning however is a principle where a stimulus which naturally does not incite a reaction or response in a person, is joined by another stimulus which does incite a reaction. They made an experiment linked to this on dogs. Generally dogs in response to a bowl of food salivated however they wanted to see if they could pair this with a bell ringing.
This is a very excruciate form of animal abuse, and is one of the worst known to man. Stopping animal abuse such as puppy mills will help a lot of animals in need and here are some reasons how: Refusing to buy dogs that are shipped from puppy mills. Most of those dogs that had been shipped from puppy mills would be ill with a disease. A lot of the dogs that are trapped together in a small area carry diseases and pass it on to other dogs. With no taking car of these poor dogs have no choice to have what’s coming, and to help them you would have to see the dog to get them.
P1: Explain the principal psychological perspectives: Introduction: For this assignment I have to describe how the theories of classical conditioning can be applied in health and social care settings that deal with challenging or modifying behaviour. Classical conditioning: This is a theory which was originally developed by Ivan Pavlov in his experiments on a dog salivating when being shown food, it was discovered when the dog had learned the arrival of the assistant meant food was coming and so the dog salivated early (before even smelling the food.) from this experiment we can understand why classical conditioning is to do with reminder, some psychologists (evolutionary) say that some of the prehistoric phobias were survival related for example associating heights or oceans of water with death therefore creating the phobia of heights and water which make you avoid them in order to avoid death. In my opinion this makes sense, in the same way that animals and prehistoric hums would have avoided brightly coloured berries as they were poisonous. www.tatic.ddmcdn.com/gif/dog-training Applying classical conditioning to the health and social care sector: Like any behaviourist theory of learning, classical conditioning helps explain certain behaviourisms and why we do specific things that we do.