The Bauhaus is one of the first colleges of design. It came into being from the joining of the Weimar Academy of Arts and the Weimar School of Arts and Crafts. It was founded by Walter Gropius in 1919 and was closed in 1933 by the Nazis. In 1919, after delays caused by the destruction of World War I and a debate over who should head the institution and the socio-economic meanings of a reconciliation of the fine arts and the applied arts From 1919 to 1922 the school was changed by the pedagogical and aesthetic ideas of Johannes Itten, who taught the Vorkurs that was the introduction to the ideas of the Bauhaus. Itten was heavily influenced in his teaching by the ideas of Franz Cizek and Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel.
The end of the Second World War (1919) left Germany in a state of general crisis. It was vital to rebuild its economy, culture, political standing and, more crucially, its lost reputation. Change was needed in all sectors of the society. It was in that very year that an art movement, that influenced commercial art internationally, emerged in none other than Germany itself. The Bauhaus School was founded under Walter Gropius (1883-1969), with an aim to add creativity and essence into industrialization and daily lives of the common population (Meggs, Purvis and Meggs 328).
Albert Speer was a major contributor in multiple ways during World War II. One vital way in which he involved and contributed himself to Adolf Hitler’s regime was through his status as Chief of Architect in the Nazi Party. Speer’s first attendance of a Nazi Party rally, merely actioned out of curiosity, found himself strangely drawn to Adolf Hitler, not only because of Hitler's proposed solutions to the threat of Communism and his renunciation of the Treaty of Versailles, but also drawn towards the man himself. Speer's first major commission as a Party member came in 1932 when Karl Hanke recommended him to Goebbels to help renovate the new District Headquarters in Berlin, and, later on, to renovate Goebbels' Propaganda Ministry. Goebbels was impressed with Speer’s work and recommended him to Hitler, who then assigned him to help renovate the Chancellery in Berlin.
Bauhaus school German school of art, design, and architecture founded in 1919 in Weimar by the architect Walter Gropius, who aimed to fuse art, design, architecture, and crafts into a unified whole. By 1923, as Germany's economy deteriorated, handcrafts were dropped in favour of a more functionalist approach, combining craft design with industrial production. The adoption of industrial technology had previously been criticized by other craft and design movements. In 1925, under political and financial pressure, the Bauhaus moved to Dessau, where it was housed in a building designed by Gropius, and formalized a new statement of beliefs: ‘Art and Technology, a new unity’. In 1932 it made another forced move to Berlin, where it was closed by the Nazis the following year.
"German Expressionist Films pushed German films back into cinema screens in Europe and America because of their artistic value" German Expressionist films pushed the boundaries for the films in that period of time. After the first World War, Germany was trying to restructure their government whilst at the same time trying to set a new name for themselves. During this time the government injected a large amount of capital into the state-funded company UFA which stood for "Universum Film AG". The UFA controlled all or most of the cinematic output and distribution. One of the main aims of the German government of doing this is to try to reclaim Germany's place in the movie world.
Modernism : Influence of Minimalism *Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The initial concept about ‘Less’ is from Minimalism. *Minimalism derives from the reductive aspects of Modernism and is often interpreted as a reaction against Abstract expressionism. Minimalist design in architecture and space : Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe In 1886, Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe was born in Aachen, Germany. He grew up from stonemason family.
The dominating presence of German Expressionism was made possible through the movement’s exaggeration of mise-en-scene, which simply means everything that a scene is composed of. The exaggeration of mise-en-scene was done by emphasizing “harsh, bold graphics and revelatory distortions” (Mast, 2012); effectively contorting the audience’s logic and perception of reality. Emphasis of bold graphics and exaggeration of mise-en-scene is quite notably evident in the 1920 film, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari was the first attempt to film an entirely Expressionist universe, and a very successful attempt at that. Within the scenes of the film, the audience is subjected to disproportionate, diagonal staircases, trees with hellishly spiky leaves, and grass resembling the blades of knives.
The formal unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation stateofficially occurred on 18 January 1871 at the Versailles Palace's Hall of Mirrors in France. Princes of the German states gathered there to proclaim Wilhelm of Prussia as Emperor Wilhelm of the German Empire after the French capitulation in the Franco-Prussian War. Unofficially, the transition of most of the German-speaking populations into a federated organization of states occurred over nearly a century of experimentation. Unification exposed several glaring religious, linguistic, social, and cultural differences between and among the inhabitants of the new nation, suggesting that 1871 only represents one moment in a continuum of the larger unification processes. The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, which had included more than 300 independent states, was effectively dissolved when Emperor Francis II abdicated (6 August 1806) during the War of the Third Coalition.
Andragogy consists of learning strategies focused on adults. Its roots can be traced back to Alexander Kapp, a German grammar teacher who used it to describe Plato’s educational theory. It appeared again in 1921 when another German, Social Scientist, Eugen Rosenstock claimed that “adult education required special teachers, special methods, and a special philosophy.” Matthew Knowles however heard about the term in 1968 and used it in an article he wrote titled “Adult Leadership.” From that point on, Knowles has become known as the principle expert on andragogy. He asserted that andragogy should be distinguished from the more commonly used pedagogy, which means in Greek child-leading. One of the major differences between pedagogy and andragogy theory of learning is the role of the educator is minimized.
Case 3: Wolfgang’s Balancing Act: Rewarding HealthcareExecutive in a Dispersed yet Integrated Firm (Page 289-297 textbook) Marion Festing and Allen D. Engle Sr. Overview This case study addresses the design of a transnational compensation system in a German pharmaceutical company called Healthcare. The case is a real case, however, the company name and some details have been changed to protect the anonymity of the company. The case study takes the perspective of Wolfgang Hansen, the new HR manager, who is in charge of globally standardizing compensation for top managers while considering local requirements. Folder one includes some general information about the Healthcare Group; folder two gives insights about the personnel structure; folder three outlines the leadership competence set; folder four includes corporate human resource policies; folder five the global performance system and the compensation policy, which are closely linked to each other; folder six gives an overview on recent changes in the corporate and HR strategy. Then, some bumps on the road to international coordination at Healthcare Group are outlined.