Application of Robotics in Industries

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1.0 INTRODUCTION Robotics which is the design and development of computer-controlled mechanical devices has played significant roles in the industrial and information economy. There is a substantial reduction in cost of operations and running of industrials since the emergent of robotics as human labour, being a multifaceted, complicated and costineffective has been minimized while increasing the efficiency of performance of industrial operations and systems. Robots which are products of robotics can be programmed to move, manipulate objects, and accomplish work while interacting with its environment. They are also able to perform repetitive tasks more quickly, cheaply, and accurately than humans. 1.1 DEFINITION OF ROBOTICS Simply puts, robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation and application of robots and computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. (Robot Institute of America, 1979) 1.2 HISTORY OF ROBOT The concept of automated machines dates to antiquity with myths of mechanical beings brought to life. Automata, or humanlike machines, also appeared in the clockwork figures of medieval churches, and 18th-century watchmakers were famous for their clever mechanical creatures. Feedback (self-correcting) control mechanisms were used in some of the earliest robots and are still in use today. An example of feedback control is a watering trough that uses a float to sense the water level. When the water falls past a certain level, the float drops, opens a valve, and releases more water into the trough. As the water rises, so does the float. When the float reaches a certain height,

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