Unknown Lab Report: Enterobacter cloacae Jessica Sainvil Professor Cupido Bio 253L1 Thu 9:30-12:30 Due Date: 12/6/12 Unknown#103 Introduction The bacterium Enterobacter cloacae isolated from the given #103 was a Gram-negative Rod. The purpose of this lab was to isolate and identify the genus and species of an unknown bacterium. It is important to identify an unknown microorganism because knowing how the bacteria work and how it is structured means knowing how it can affect humans. Unknown bacteria may also be used clinically many pharmaceutical drugs are based on products made by organisms (Katzung, B.G.2004). In order to identify the unknown organism a series of tests were performed.
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa The purpose of this lab was to identify the unknown bacteria culture given by our respected instructor using various differential tests. The identification of this unknown culture was accomplished by separating and differentiating between possible bacteria based on specific biochemical characteristics. Each test was used in a way to help recognize those specifics and bring us one step closer to identify the unknown cultures. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were oxidase, lactose and glucose fermentation, citrate, indole, urease, motility, H2S, EMB and MAC. The tests performed on the unknown bacteria culture were all used to determine and identify the bacteria.
Common symptoms are acral necrosis of the extremities (such as the toes, fingers, lips and tip of the nose), high fever, nausea, vomiting, and breathing difficulty. Left untreated, Yersinia pestis can multiply rapidly in the bloodstream, possibly causing septicemic plague or even creep towards the lungs causing pneumonic plague. In order to diagnose bubonic plague, testing in the laboratory is required. Identification of the bacterium Yersinia pestis culture in a sample of serum from a patient’s blood is used for confirmation of the
If the urea is broken down by H. pylori in the biopsy, there is a change in color around the biopsy on the slide. This means that there is an infection with H. pylori in the stomach. Biopsies also may be cultured in the bacteriology laboratory for the presence of H. pylori; however, this is done infrequently since other simpler tests are available. A recently-developed test for H. pylori is a test in which the presence of the bacterium can be diagnosed with a sample of stool. The test uses an antibody to H. pylori to determine if H. pylori is present in the stool.
Radio-isotopes are widely used in medicine as tracers that show up on X-ray film, and sometimes can destroy cancerous growths. The rays from radium are used in the treatment of skin diseases. Radiation from Co-60 and I-131 are used to diagnose and treat thyroid disorders. Co-60 is also used to kill bacteria in foods. P-32 is used in the treatment of leukemia and tumors.
Gas Gangrene Etiology/causative agent. The cause of Gas Gangrene, otherwise known as Myonecrosis or Clostridial Tissue infection, is usually from a bacterium called Clostridium perfringens (Vorvick 2012). This bacteria usually if found in the G.I. tract and in dirt, and is a gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic rod (Shukla 2009). Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio vulnificus can also cause very similar infections considered to be Gas Gangrene (Vorvick 2012).
5) Botulism can also be contracted through an open wound. This type of botulism is wound botulism and it is one of the three main types of botulism. In food-borne botulism: Types of home-canned foods provide a perfect condition for the bacteria to grow. If botulism is not treated, it will eventually lead to respiratory problems, paralysis and death. If diagnosed early, botulism can be treated with an antitoxin.
It is a microscopic organism consisting of genetic material. They cannot reproduce without a host cell. Several human diseases are caused by viruses which include:- smallpox, measles, the common cold, chickenpox, hepatitis, HIV, cold sores, shingles to name but a few. Viruses can spread from person to person, and by exchange of salvia, coughing, sneezing. Fungi Fungi are skin infections caused by dermatophytes and yeasts, which are groups of fungi that are normally harmless.
In today’s presentation we will cover information regarding the organism that causes botulism and its epidemiology. We will also talk about the history of the disease, how it is transmitted, and the clinical and necropsy signs observed. Finally, we will address prevention measures for botulism. Botulism is caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is a gram positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobic bacillus.
Meningitis is an infection of the cerebrospinal fluid which causes inflammation of the meninges; the lining of the brain. Meningitis is usually caused by bacteria or viruses; however, bacterial meningitis is rarer and more severe than viral meningitis [4]. The first case of meningococcal meningitis was described in Geneva, Switzerland in 1805. Later, in 1887, it was identified and confirmed that the causative agent was Neisseria meningitides [1]. Discussion Bacterial meningitis is very contagious and is commonly spread by respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, kissing, or sharing of eating and drinking utensils [1, 7].