Analysis of Substance Abuse as a Challenge of Living

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Analysis of Substance Abuse as a Challenge of Living/Social Problem Substance abuse is both a challenge of living and a social problem in the United States. Many people battle substance abuse problems which include both drugs and alcohol. Substance abuse is defined as a maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the repeated use of substances (NCBI). The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s National Survey on Drug use and Health states that 23.5 million people 12 years of age and older needed treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol abuse problem in 2009. And of these individuals, only 2.6 million, or 11.2 percent, only received treatment at a specialty facility (caron.org). The risk factors for drug addiction includes family history, being male, having another mental disorder, peer pressure, lack of family involvement, anxiety, depression, and loneliness, and taking a highly addictive drug. People of any age, sex, and socioeconomic can have substance abuse problems but certain factors increase the likelihood and speed of developing an addiction (mayoclinic.org). The literature that I have gathered discusses different aspects of substance abuse as well as the risk and protective factors and I am going to focus on these risk and protective factors. Literature Review Social Factors Risk factors. Childhood maltreatment and substance abuse have been linked by both research and theory (Hovdestad et al.). Maltreatment has been identified an indicator for substance abuse. Those who abuse substances usually begin between the ages of 12 and 19, or adolescence (Hovdestad et al.). Hovdestad, Tonmyr, WeKerle, and Thornton (2011) state that the use of substances like drugs and alcohol are used as coping mechanisms for the maltreatment they experienced as young children. Although this

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