Agency Theory Essay

534 Words3 Pages
Agency Theory Milgram (1974) argued that we will obey people in authority to maintain a stable society, to live in a stable society sometimes we have to give up our free will. Milgram proposed two social states to help cope with society. Milgram said that people are in an autonomous state when we are free to act as we wish, but they move into an agentic state when we surrender our free will and conscience in order to serve the interests of the group. The shift from an autonomous state to an agentic state is called the agentic shift. When Milgram’s participants were debriefed after the original electric shock experiment (Milgram, 1963), many reported that they knew it was wrong to deliver dangerous electric shocks, but that they felt the experimenter was responsible and not them. At the Nuremberg trials, many Nazi soldiers defended their actions by saying it was not their fault as they were just following orders. We learn during childhood to develop the capacity for an agentic state, in school we learn to put aside our individual wishes in favour of maintaining order, and we put the good of the class first. An important aspect of the agentic state is the strategies we use to deal with moral strain. Moral strain results when we have to do something we believe to be immoral in order to function as an agent of authority and benefit society. Denial was found to be particularly common in participants in the Milgram experiment and the Holocaust. Agency theory explains a wide range of social behaviours, ranging from how we act at work to the way in which peaceful people can go to war, and how normal people can get involved with atrocities. The idea of moral strain explains Milgram's findings that the minority of participants showed signs of stress. Agency theory is also supported by studies such as Blass and Schmitt, they showed a film of the Milgram study to
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