A Review of Intervention Studies on Forgiveness: a Meta-Analysis

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Intervention Studies on Forgiveness: A Meta-Analysis This journal article was based on forgiveness and the individual intervention studies that have been done on the correlations of forgiveness in the clinical settings, and if any at all. Through all studies the definition of forgiveness is having the ability to cease the feelings of resentment against another individual. The following information will show specifically the models and interventions that were put in place to help with these studies. Three basic intervention models were developed. Model One, by Enright and the Human Development Study Group (1991), uses four phases. The Uncovering Phase, Decision Phase, Work Phase and Deeping Phase. Model Two by, McCullough, Worthington, and Rachel (1997) presents ways of developing cognitive and effective empathy. Lastly Model Three, by McCullough and Worthington (1995) used a 1 hour session of writing unsent letters to the offender that embodied their expressed feelings. In all three models participants were asked to think about a person who had hurt them and to also do the work needed to forgive that individual. The differences in the models are that Model One and Model Two are both process based (steps taken to forgive) and Model 3 is a decision based approach (person automatically realizes the benefits of forgiveness for both persons). Individual experimental intervention studies were done using the three basic intervention models. Hebl and Enright (1993) used 26 elderly women whom each had someone they needed to forgive due to emotional harm No participate could be going through any grieving process. McCullough and Worthington (1995) 86 undergrad psychology students that had not committed any severe offenses and also arrived at intervention at appointed times. Al-Mabuk et al. (1995) examined two separate interventions both with groupings of 48

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