Using Source G and H and Your Own Knowledge Discuss the Ethical Issues Surrounding the Return of Artefacts to Their Country of Origin (10 Marks)

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Using sources G and H and additional information, there are various ethical issues surrounding the return of artefacts to their country of origin. Two controversial artefacts that will be discussed are The Elgin Marbles and The Rosetta Stone. The Elgin Marbles are a collection of classical Greek sculptures that were initially part of the Parthenon and other buildings on the Acropolis of Athens. The Rosetta stone is an Ancient Egyptian stone, which contains an inscription with three ancient scripts (Egyptian, Demotic and Greek). The first and foremost ethical issue surrounding the return of artefacts is whether the artefact was obtained legally, whether a certain country followed correct legal procedures to gain the artefact. Another issue is education and tourism motivations, where there is a debate about which country would it benefit in most. Lastly safety and security is the third issue where there is a discussion about where the artefacts are safest and protected. Overall, these are the three ethical issues that are currently in debate on whether it should be returned to its country of origin. One issue that is in dispute between the return of artefacts is whether the artefact was obtained legally from the beginning. Lord Elgin, who was the ambassador to the Ottoman Empire between 1799 and 1803, was worried about the damage being done to the significant artworks displayed on the Parthenon. So he was issued with a Firman (a royal decree issued by a sovereign in historical Islamic states) that gave him the authority “to take away any pieces of stone with old inscriptions or figures thereon”. Thus, chiselling and hacking out parts of the Parthenon was implied. Elgin claimed that his agreement to take the marbles was with the authorities that controlled Greece at the time, thus it was legally binding. This is evident in Source G “… the Elgin Marbles, part of the

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