The main problem that the kidneys are prone to is kidney failure, also called acute renal failure. This is the condition where the kidneys lose their ability to stop working or perform their functions. The types of causes of this disorder are categorized based on when they take place, therefore there are the pre -renal, renal and the post- renal causes. The pre- renal causes are the ones that happen before the disease occurs, they include; blood-clotting issues, low blood pressure causing low blood volume (hypovolemia) in the kidney, urinary tract infections, dehydration and medication such as diuretics which cause water loss. Renal causes affect the kidney directly, they include sepsis (when the immune system is overwhelmed by infections which causes the kidney to shut down), medication which are toxic to the kidney e.g.
Polycystic Kidney Disease Affecting somewhere near 12.5 million people, polycystic kidney disease is the most commonly inherited life threatening disease .Genetically passed down from generation to generation, causing renal failure in most cases. This disorder involves complications mainly to the kidneys but can spread to other areas. The kidneys maintain chemical and hormonal levels in the body as well as filter your blood to eliminate the waste by- products. Lose of normal functions in the kidney as well as the formation of cysts in the tissue and buildup of toxins in the blood result from this disorder. Fluid filled sacs called cysts develop in the tissue of the kidneys and may range from severe
Renal Calculi, more commonly known as Kidney Stones, is a common diagnosis pertaining to the urinary system. These stones are formed by small salts and minerals in the urine and are unable to travel to the urethra which can cause extreme discomfort. Some symptoms of kidney stones are frequent urge to urinate, vomiting, blood in the urine, and back/abdomen pain. The kidneys are a major organ in our body that continually filter and balance the fluids, although when minerals and electrolytes in the body become unbalanced a kidney stone will typically occur. Hypernatremia- is a high amount of sodium.
The Pathophysiological Process of Chlamydia According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chlamydia is the most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease in the United States and is caused by an infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. It can cause cervicitis in women and urethritis and proctitis in both men and women (Cdc.gov, 2015). It was named after the Greek word chlamys meaning "cloak draped around the shoulder" which describes the inclusions of the bacteria that surround the nuclei of infected cells (Austincc.edu, 2015). Chlamydia is most common among young people. There are an estimated 3 million cases in the U.S. annually with reported rates being three times higher in females than in males.
This is called the Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient or SAAG. * Ascites related to portal hypertension (cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, Budd-Chiari) is generally greater than 1.1. * Ascites caused by other reasons (malignant, pancreatitis) is lower than 1.1. What are the risk factors for ascites? The most common cause of ascites is cirrhosis of the liver.
The most common sexually transmitted diseases are: Chlamidia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Herpes(Simplex II), NGU(Nongonicoccal Urethritis), Vaginitis, Genital Warts, Pubic Lice/Scabies, AIDS, and Hepatitis. Chlamidia is a disease, which is transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse. If you had this disease, you would experience bleeding between menstrual periods, abdominal pain, and painful urination. There is another term for painful urination. It is called “urinary tract infection”.
Crohn’s disease can affect any area of the gastrointestinal system from the mouth to the anus. Crohn’s disease appears to be caused by a dysfunctional inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammation is the body’s natural way to heal by sending immune cells to the site of the injury or invader. Researchers
The most common type of cirrhosis worldwide is postnecrotic cirrhosis which is the result of massive necrosis caused by hepatotoxins such as viral hepatitis. Biliary cirrhosis is caused by inflammation resulting in biliary obstruction in the liver and common bile ducts. Laennec's cirrhosis is primarily the result of changes in the liver due to alcoholism and malnutrition. Only alcoholics get cirrhosis. INCORRECT The most common type of cirrhosis worldwide is actually the result of hepatotoxins, such as viral hepatitis, which cause massive liver necrosis.
Renal causes may be due to reduced renal function. The causes are acute and chronic kidney failure, acute and chronic nephritis, tubular necrosis and other renal diseases. Post renal causes may be due to reduced excretion of urea. And these could be due to obstruction to urinary outflow such as by calculi, bladder and prostate tumours, or a severe infection (Bishop ML 6th edition). The main cause of uremia is damage to the kidneys, whether because of Bright’s disease (glomerulonephritis), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or some other disorder that impairs kidney
The three types of plague are bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. Bubonic plague is the most common of the three types and is named after swollen lymph nodes called buboes. Buboes occur when the bacteria are localized in the lymph node and rapid replication occurs. Buboes associated with Bubonic Plague are located in the armpit, neck or the groin area. Common symptoms are acral necrosis of the extremities (such as the toes, fingers, lips and tip of the nose), high fever, nausea, vomiting, and breathing difficulty.