Kidney Stones Research Paper

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Renal Calculi, more commonly known as Kidney Stones, is a common diagnosis pertaining to the urinary system. These stones are formed by small salts and minerals in the urine and are unable to travel to the urethra which can cause extreme discomfort. Some symptoms of kidney stones are frequent urge to urinate, vomiting, blood in the urine, and back/abdomen pain. The kidneys are a major organ in our body that continually filter and balance the fluids, although when minerals and electrolytes in the body become unbalanced a kidney stone will typically occur. Hypernatremia- is a high amount of sodium. Patients diagnosed with kidney stones are often recommended to eat a low sodium diet because this lessens the risk of forming future kidney stones…show more content…
It has been proven that magnesium produces a complex with oxalate and lowers the CaOx output in the urine which then lessens the chances of forming kidney stones. Hypocalcemia- When the kidneys are having issues and develop kidney stones, this can cause more calcium to come out through urine which then lowers the calcium number in the body. This also makes it harder for the kidneys to activate any Vitamin D so when a patient is low on calcium a supplement is given to increase the numbers. Lack of calcium can also cause symptoms such as twitching and muscle aches. Hypercalcemia- When it comes to kidney stones, calcium has a lot to do with the formation of them. If the urine volume is low and the calcium present is high then the calcium oxalate (CaOx) goes up. So what happens if the concentration of the CaOx is 7-11 times greater than the typical solubility changes begin to occur which start to form the kidney stone. There are specific kidney stones called Calcium Stones which is the most common form. Many diseases encourage kidney stones to come about such as hyperoxaluria, which happens due to some sort of bowel disease, or a disease that has to do with hypercalcemia such as hyperparathyroidism. When diagnosing a patient with kidney stones a 24 hr urine collection is taken and tested for a few things including calcium, oxalate, uric acid, pH, volume, creatinine, and citrate. Studies have shown that if you consume a normal amount of calcium in your diet daily that you have a lower chance at developing kidney stones as the calcium binds with the oxalate therefore creating less to be reabsorbed into the

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