However, if MZ twins share 100% of their genes, then they should both have 100% chance of developing depression, but according to this research, that is not the case; this research may also suggest that genetics are not the main factor in developing depression. Due to this, some psychologists believe that the theory of genetics cannot be used to explain depression. McGuffin et al (1996) conducted research on concordance rates using 177 identical and fraternal twins. They found that the concordance rate was 46% for identical twins, but only 20% for fraternal twins; these findings are significant as the concordance rate for identical twins is over double of that for fraternal twins. These findings support the biological explanation as it suggests that depression has a genetic factor.
Arrests and self-reports are two types of resources that can be used to describe differences in offending rates. Few differences exist between arrest data and self-reported data for gender characteristics. Both indicate that males are more delinquent than females. Arrest Data. Males are significantly more delinquent than females.
Children do not demonstrate sex differences for the object location memory task (Barnfield, 1999). However, researchers have reported that sex differences in cognitive abilities can be seen across a variety of tasks between men and women. By way of illustration, Linn and Petersen (1985) documented that males are commonly better at mental rotation tasks. On the other hand, females outperform males on verbal fluency (Halpern, 1992; Spreen & Strauss, 1991). Collaer and Hines (1995) concluded that generally men have a better performance on tasks that involve spatial ability, whereas women have better performance on tasks that involve verbal ability.
The frequency of a specific allele is calculated as: Allele frequency = # of copies of a specific allele in a population Total # of all alleles in population This formula states that the dominant allele frequency, p, and the recessive allele frequency, q, would together equal to one. In the early 20th century, Hardy and Weinberg continued Mendel’s and Darwin’s work on population genetics. They realized that evolution only occurs when the frequency of alleles in that population changes over time which meant that if the alleles in the population stayed the same, there would be no evolutionary change. From there, the two scientist created a mathematical equation to determine the frequencies of alleles within a population known as the Hardy-Weinberg Principle: p^2 + 2 pq + q^2 = 1.0 This formula is based on using a Punnett square of mating two individual plants. But since the ratio of dominant to recessive alleles are not the same, we can use the allele frequencies for both alleles for a more accurate prediction.
He found figures on the higher and lower levels of achievement from different ethnic groups. The survey found that Chinese, African Asians and Indian groups were more qualified than whites, it was also found that Afro-Caribbean women were more likely to have A-levels than white women. Ethnic minorities were more likely than white pupils to continue into further education. On the other hand, Bangladeshi and Pakistani women were least well qualified. Afro-Caribbean, Pakistani and Bangladeshi men were least qualified.
Provide a rationale for your answer. The mental health t ratio of t=-3.15 ratio indicates the largest difference between the males and females post MI in the study. This t ratio is significant since it is causing the p value to be significantly low, less than the alpha 0.05 set for the
A study conducted by the University of Canberra showed that women are more likely to work in small firms than men, it was conducted by having a “set of six variables measuring firms with less than 30 employees, to firms with more than 1000 employees and found that for both men and women, hourly rates of pay were higher in larger firms”. Subsequently, they found that the gender wage gap between men and women is highest with the smallest establishment size where most women work. So looking back at the controversy of the wage gap, it is evident that many individuals are oblivious to this fact. In addition, women may choose to work in low-wage occupations for personal matter either for transportation issues, family issues or anything in
The differences between males and females seems to be due to gender or social factors. The difference would be greater if women did not have a high incidence of cancers of the breast, cervix and uterus (Scambler, 1997). Main changes. Child bearing patterns have changed so that women have fewer children further apart and the medical care for pregnant women has improved. In the UK and USA the number of live births has decreased from 5 per woman in the 1880’s to 2 in the 2000’s.
Twin studies reinforce this pattern: monozygotic (identical) twins raised separately are highly similar in IQ (0.86), more so than dizygotic (fraternal) twins raised together (0.6) and much more than adoptive siblings (almost 0.0). Consequently, in the context of the "nature versus nurture" debate, the "nature" component appears to be much more important than the "nurture" component in explaining IQ variance in the general adult population of theUnited States. EDITNature vs nurture in personality traits
He therefore concluded that variation must be a sign of inferiority as it is linked to women (Shields, 1975). Following the publication of Charles Darwin’s ideas where emphasis was put on the importance of variation as a basic requirement through which progress is attained, greater variation was now linked to superiority and therefore agreed that men it is men who have greater variability as they are the superior sex. This demonstrates the variability hypothesis as the misuse of science in psychology, if science is objective then how can two opposing arguments conclude the same thing. Greater variability among men was backed by evidence from the fact that there were more males in institutions for feeble mindedness than women and