The stomach secretes acid and powerful enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food. The small intestine is made up of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. It is a long muscular tube that breaks down food using enzymes that have been released by the pancreas and bile from the liver. The continuous breaking down process is mainly done by the duodenum, while the jejunum and ileum are mainly responsible for the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Peristalsis also moves food through the small intestine, mixing it with digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver.
This includes swallowing and peristalsis which is involuntary. This is where the food moves along the muscle contractions of the alimentary tract. It consists of alternation and contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the GI tract to squeeze food downwards. 3) Mechanical digestion consists of a physical process of breaking food into smaller pieces through mastication (chewing of food) before being broken
Human Anatomy and Physiology Assignment In this assignment I am going to explain the structure and function of the digestive system. I will describe in detail the stomach and the breakdown of food by enzymes. Lastly the effect diabetes mellitus has on the digestive system. The digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body, this allows the body to function, grow, and repair itself. Food passes through a long tube inside the body known as the alimentary canal or the gastro intestinal tract (G I tract).
* The beginning of chemical digestion of protein by enzymes and acid. * The stomach regulates delivery to the small intestine. Duodenum - It is responsible for breaking down food in the small intestine. Small intestine - Digests protein, fats and carbohydrates. * Absorbs most of the nutrients.
Outline and evaluate the role of neural mechanisms involved in controlled eating and satiation (24 marks) Hunger is activated by many different cues, both biological and environmental. The body is controlled by homeostasis which is how we maintain our constant internal environment. Homeostasis is controlled by a negative feedback loop which assumes that all body variables have a set point. The set point helps the body regulate its weight and therefore knows how much the person should be eating. Hunger is based on fat stores (lipostatic hypothesis), glucose levels (glucostatic hypothesis) and cellular energy.
Once the food has been swallowed is goes down the oesophagus where the involuntary muscle movements help push the food to the stomach. Once the food reaches the stomach the process called digestion begins; the acids in the stomach make a very hostile environment for bacteria to survive one of the main acids in the stomach is called hydrochloric acid. Once all the bacteria in the stomach is killed the food passes through to the small intestine and the process called absorption begins. The large food molecules are broken down in the small intestine and the nutrient are absorbed by the micro villi. Once all the nutrients in the food has been absorbed the process called elimination begins this is when the broken down food is no longer needed and is eliminated out of the rectum.
Discuss the importance of teeth in human nutrition Teeth perform mechanical digestion thus increasing the surface area of food for salivary amylase to work and for the enzymes of the stomach and small intestine to work more efficiently 2. Describe how food passes through the esophagus Food is pushed down the esophagus to the stomach through the process of peristalsis. Wave-like contractions alternate between contraction and relaxation to push the food through the entire digestive tract from the esophagus through the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. 3. Why would the enzymes in your mouth not work in your stomach and the enzymes in your stomach not work in your mouth?
Mastication + mixing, form of mechanical digestion * BOLUS: formation of mixing food + mastication. Gastric Digestion Gastric Digestion (Stomach Digestion) is the process of breaking down proteins by the action of the gastric juices in the stomach. The Stomach is located on the left side of the body above the
The small intestine leads to the large intestine, another tube for which absorption takes place. In the large intestine fluid is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream and faeces is formed; the faeces exits through the anus. Although these are the main organs involved in digestion, they are supported by the accessory organs. These include; the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands. Figure 1 (below) shows the location of these organs (madders.s, 2007).
It begins in the mouth, where food is taken into the body and chewed to break it into smaller pieces, then amylase – a digestive enzyme produced in the body – is added to it through human saliva. Amylase is a carbohydralase and breaks down the carbohydrates within a food. This allows the body to take some of the nutrients from the food straight away. Once the food is swallowed it enters the pharynx before it is transported to the oesophagus, the pharynx converts the food into bolus. Bolus is chewed food which had been broken down with various enzymes produced in the mouth, it is much easier to digest than food which has just been chewed.