In 1999 the virus appeared in North America for the first time and in the next year spread to 12 states killing 8 people and sickening 80 others. (Lee, M.C. 23-34) C. In the U.S., birds appear to be the major carrier of the disease and they pass it on to humans as follows: 1. When mosquitoes feed on the blood of the infected birds, the insects ingest this virus. 2.
171 affected cases, 1 dead were reported in Mexico. It was inevitable with this instance that Cholera would spread beyond the Caribbean. It is been said that 715,000 people were sickened of Cholera including peacekeeping troops sent from Nepal by the UN due to poor sanitary facilities in Haiti and Dominican Republic. 9000 people were reported dead. Mexico is not considering the WHO approved vaccine for Cholera outbreak.
Thomas v. Union Carbide Agric. Products Co. 473 U.S. 568 (1985) Judicial History: Under the authority of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Federal Insecticides, Fungicides, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), manufacturers were required to register their pesticides. EPA had a “me-too” process that allowed for the pesticide equivalent of generic drugs. Monsanto Corporation sued because EPA was making them publicize trade secrets, which they claimed was a taking. Congress reiterated in Section 3(c)(1)(D)(ii) of FIFRA that EPA should make administrative decisions about how much money these manufacturers would get for damages from loss of their trade secrets.
C228 Community Health Task 2 Michelle Wall Meningococcal disease is a disease that can be found worldwide. Meningococcal disease refers to any disease or illness that is caused by the type of bacteria called Neisseria meningitides, also called meningococcus (Meningococcal disease, 2015). The first documented outbreak was over two hundred years ago in Geneva in 1805 which circulated rapidly and killed thirty three people. The first case ever recorded in America was in 1806 in Medford, Massachusetts (Fredericks, n.d.). A European physician, Professor A Weichselbaum, discovered the cause of the mysterious cerebro-spinal meningitis illness in 1887 and Penicillin was the first antibiotic used to fight the disease.
21 Oct. 2008 <http://www.proquest.com/ This is an informative article chronicling in part the early history of vaccine development against the avian flu. The articles main focus is concerning the continuing development of vaccines that can target the mutating virus, and how the medical community in this country should prepare for the increasingly likely avian flu pandemic. Not only does this journal entry involve a good detail of the epidemiology of the influenza mutations, but also a detailed description and diagrams of vaccine
In some cases off-label uses often exceed the intended use, which in turn becomes very profitable for the pharmaceutical manufacturer. “In 2004, sales of the drug peaked at $2.7 billion. But that same year Pfizer was found to be urging physicians to prescribe Neurontin for off-label uses, which is illegal. As a result, the company had to pay $430 million in criminal fines and civilian penalties.” (Arellano, 2013). Since it would be beneficial to companies to get approval from the Federal Drug Administration (FDA), companies will conduct research studies on the effects of these other conditions.
Though the reasons for this were not understood, the very beginning of the studies of medical geography. Another major turning point in this field was the major outbreak of cholera in the mid 1800s in London, when Doctor John Snow plotted the distribution of deaths from cholera throughout London on a map. A major point in medical geography is the spreading of diseases, which was the main storyline in the movie Contagion. The highly contagious unfamiliar, unnamed disease, which killed people at unbelievably high rates, started from one person, Beth Emhoff who made contact with many people in Chicago, and later spread to her son, who went to his school and spread it to people there, before he died from it. This is known as an epidemic, meaning a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time, with the exception that this outbreak was taking place almost worldwide.
Any industry is not without its own isolated illegal and unethical behavior. The pharmaceutical industry has countless examples of these, which is why we are going to look in on some of the general practices that all the companies participate in and the ethical debate around them. The marketing practices of the pharmaceutical industry have a great deal of controversy around the technique used to promote and advertise their products. More than a third of pharmaceutical companies’ resources go into promotion and marketing. Annually, the industry spends nearly twice as much on marketing as it spends on research and development.
Kevin_Hilliard Reading & Literature Part II Section 3, lesson 1 assignment 1 3/5/2013 The Masque of The Red Death In the year 2023, there was a plague so devastating that the world could not bear. The “Red Death” was so devastating, it destroyed half the population. This horrific plague contained the most horrific manifestations. The manifestations consist of sharp pains, sudden dizziness, and profuse bleeding at the pores with disintegration. Anyone that the plague came upon, caused reddening stains on the face and the body would appear, which caused the individual to be thrown in a secluded quarantine factory.
H1N1: Should We Close the Doors to Mexico? By March 9th 2009 the first symptoms of the H1N1 virus, more commonly known as Swine Flu, were showing up in the Mexican state of Veracruz. The first confirmed case there was a five year old boy who, along with hundreds of other people, in the town of La Gloria struggled to breathe due to the symptoms of the flu. The news of the outbreak in Mexico burst into public consciousness last Friday April, 24 2009. Since then, the virus has spread like wild fire throwing the public into panic mode and now there are at least 130 cases of the H1N1 virus have been confirmed in 20 states across the U.S. Not to mention, nearly 300 schools across America have been closed.