Sensation is the process by which our senses gather information and send it to the brain. The process by which stimulation of sensory receptor produces neural impulses that the brain interprets as a sound, visual image, an odor, a taste, a pain or other sensory image. Sensation represents the first series of steps in processing of incoming information. Absolute Threshold The absolute threshold is the point where something becomes noticeable to our senses. It is the softest sound we can hear or the slightest touch we can feel.
The process through which we make sense of the world around us can be understood by studying two different key concepts known as Sensation and Perception (Baron, 2001). Sensation is about the initial contact between an organism and its psychical environment. In this process our nervous system and sensory receptors receive stimulus energy. These sensory
A given state is the result of thecombination of an internal representation and a physiology. So what happens isthat an event comes in through our sensory input channels which are: Visual Including the sights we see or the way someone looks at us; Auditory Including sounds, the words we hear and the way that people say those words tous (unless you specifically want variety in form); Kinaesthetic Or external feelings which include the touch of someone or something, thepressure, and texture; Olfactory Which is smell;
Cannon-Bard Theory argues that we experience physiological arousal and emotional at the same time. Schachter-Singer Theory states that an event causes physiological arousal first. You must then identify a reason for this arousal and then you are able to experience and label the emotion. Lazarus Theory states that a thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal. You must first think about your situation before you can experience an emotion.
COURSE NAME: Neuro-musculoskeletal Proprioceptive impairment has a significant impact on rehabilitation outcome – discuss The term ‘rehabilitate’ means to make someone ‘able’ (Allen, 2002). The outcome of rehabilitation is to help a person achieve the highest level of function, independence and quality of life (Edwards, 2002). However, the process of rehabilitation is much individualised and its structure will often depend on the source of the pathology and the presence of co-morbidities; this will also affect the extent and duration needed for patients to achieve their highest level of functioning. One example of a deficit that is considered to hinder the prognosis of rehabilitation, subsequently impacting on rehabilitation outcome, is the presence of a proprioceptive impairment. Proprioception was first introduced by the English physiologist, Charles Sherrington (Cohen, 1999).
Emotional feelings reveals when we become consciously alert that an emotion system of the brain is active. Any organism that has consciousness also has feelings. However, feelings will be different in a brain that can organize the world linguistically and categorize experiences in words than in a brain that cannot. The difference between fear, anxiety, terror, apprehension, etc. would not be possible without language.
These can be put into three main categories; Gestalt principles, depth principles and visual consistencies. All three of these principles are seen as rules that the brain follows in order to distinguish the sensory information it is given. The first principle used to organise our visual sensation into perception are the Gestalt principles. Gestalt principles can be simply as principles that involve the brain perceiving an object as a whole, rather than the parts it is made up of. These principles are often explained with the phrase “the whole is greater than the sum of the parts”.
Controlled Variables are the stimulation voltage, temp, and freq of stimulation. Effect of Stimulation Frequency on Contraction 1. Dependent Variable is the contraction force 2. Independent Variable is the frequency of stimulation. 3.
Quite simply, they are attributed to our senses. The stimulus direction process is a result of sensation, this being the means through which our sensory organs react to and translate environmental stimuli into nerve impulses. These are carried to the brain and then perceived by the individual. It is at this point that humans can differ. If the statement that ‘no two humans are the same’ proves to be unreservedly true then why would every individual perceive the world in a confluent fashion?
In some cases, these nerves are very small but some nerve bundles are so large that they can be easily seen by the human eye. The peripheral nervous system is divided into two parts: * The somatic nervous system * The autonomic nervous system The Somatic Nervous System The somatic system is the part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for carrying sensory and motor information to and from the central nervous system. The somatic nervous system derives its name from the Greek word soma, which means "body." The somatic system is responsible for transmitting sensory information as well as for voluntary movement. This system contains two major types of neurons: sensory neurons (or afferent neurons) that carry information from the nerves to the central nervous system, and motor neurons (or efferent neurons) that carry information from the brain and spinal cord to muscle fibers throughout the body.