| Greene Gardens | An Ethical Dilemma | 10/23/2012 | In the article Greene Gardens the 2006 E. coli outbreak in the California spinach industry is described from the perspective of Seth Greene. His story lasts for 29 days with four distinct days being emphasized. Seth Greene is the owner of Greene Gardens, which grew many types of vegetables in California’s Salinas Valley, including broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, lettuce, and spinach. Greene sold approximately 80% of his crop to GRT Salads and the remaining to smaller processors. Greene’s crop made up about 20% of GRT Salads production, yet GRT marketed that 80% of their vegetables were grown by Greene Gardens.
That whites have not worked harvesting cotton and building levies for free, or spending 10 hours each day gathering strawberries or tomatoes. He believes that white Americans were already given the advantage of being seen as hard working in the first place. Wise points out that the majority of the baby boomer generation has inherited trillions of dollars of assets from their relatives. They have not had to work for this wealth and this luxury of ‘free money’ was not something that people of color are not able to do when they were oppression for so long. The Social Security Act of 1935 guaranteed income after retirement for millions of
When conducted honestly and thoroughly, the scientific method can and has provided valuable information about the world and the world’s people (Jackson, 2009). Though some people rely on other methods for gaining knowledge, scientists only accept knowledge gained through science to arrive at plausible truths (Jackson, 2009). Due in part to human error and the tendency of human nature to succumb to temptations to bias research, the results of the scientific method should be viewed with skepticism (Garzon, n.d.). The scientific method of seeking knowledge and finding truth must stay within the limits of scientific ability and allow for human fragility in order to be effective (Slick, 2012). References Garzon, F. (n.d.).
What does Paul Feyerabend’s notion of “Epistemological Anarchism” mean? Evaluate this in relation to his critique of Kuhn’s Paradigms. While Emphasizing the subjective side of science, Kuhn claimed that operating within science means existing within the restrictive confines of the dominant paradigm, which attempts to limit particular questions that can be asked, how these are asked, and how their answers are formulated into viable scientific facts that are accepted by fellow scientists. This paradigm, in turn may actually obstruct the progress of science by nature of being untranslatable to other paradigms and impede rational argument. Kuhn states that a scientist’s switch between one paradigm to the next is similar to a “gestalt switch” where neural programming is required rather than argument and persuasion.
b Operations Experiment 9A: Lab Operations and Uncertainty Jenaqua Hairston Dr. Bump 10/20/11 Purpose/Background During experiments values are obtained and compared to true values which leads to the accuracy of an experiment. However, a complete accurate value is never achieved, because all experimental data is impacted by errors of some sort. Whether it be human error or things along the line of measurements taken, values will not always meet the expectations of a true value. Experimental uncertainty is often present in the form of systematic errors which can not be avoided. Systematic error in physical sciences commonly occurs with the measuring instrument having a zero error.
Before talking about the incompatibility of science and religion, it is necessary to answer questions such as what is science and what is religion? The science is a tool by means of which it is possible to receive true knowledge of the world. How there was a Universe or how life has appeared? Very deep and difficult question. While none of these issues have precise answers, but there is a scientific methodology, which is the best of what people can approach to them.
Moore’s “Proof of an External World” I believe that philosopher G.E. Moore’s “Proof of an External World” was somewhat successful in explaining there being an external world, however I have reason to believe that his proof cannot be taken for granted by using logic and physics. While there are flaws to his argument, he responds to those flaws with a rebuttal, and makes the person think if they can be certain about anything in existence. Moore’s argument can be simply put that; P1) he has a right hand and he has a left hand, P2) both of the hands are external objects in the world, C) An external world exists. Moore believes this is a legitimate argument based on his criteria for a proof.
Good arguments or good reasons with science are those that are supported by the scientific method. In the realm of science, various theories and hypotheses can be tested and supported through the scientific method. Pseudoscience refers to a theory that belongs to the domain of science; however, it is not scientifically testable. Pseudoscience is collections of ideas or theories that are made by people who claim their theories are “scientific when they are not scientific”. Pseudoscience cannot be said as a science because their theories do not come from observation and lead nowhere to further scientific problems.
This leaves the possibility that one of the test subjects not included in the sample could prove the conclusion to be incorrect. In other words, induction involves moving “from premises about objects we have examined to a conclusion about objects we haven’t examined” (Okasha, 2002, p. 19). From this statement it is apparent how induction can be a problem in science due to it’s potential to lead to a false conclusion. Another problem with induction in scientific reasoning is that induction only generalizes what has already occurred. It classifies patterns that have already happened and deems them to be true even though future occurrences may be uncertain.
From these views it can be seen that the quantitative approach is scientific based. It believes that the information already exists and is there to discover. Human perception does not play a role in the uncovering of new knowledge. A hypothesis is tested to assess its validity. Questionnaires are structured carefully in order to obtain precise information.