“Progress Is Impossible Without Change, and Those Who Cannot Change Their Minds Cannot Change Anything.” with Reference to the Opening Letters and Chapters of Frankenstein, Discuss This View.

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Mary Shelley in the 1818 edition of Frankenstein portrays her views on society in the 18th and 19th century. It acts as a metaphor for the marginalisation of all those not allowed into the garden of bourgeois domesticity, for example most women, lower class citizens and men who do not fit the norm(the creature). Shelley uses the technique of framing to set up the novel, she does so with Walton’s letters in order to ease the reader into the story but also to add a subplot which gives the main story richness and texture. In each of Walton’s four letters and the remainder of the book no women’s voice is ever heard. Walton, as a man, uses the imperative voice when addressing his sister ‘You will rejoice’ which represents the marginalisation of minorities already as Mrs. Saville is being told what to do. The book has devastating consequences at the end with everyone dying, which perhaps could mirror Shelley’s prediction for the future if everyone does not start being treated equally. Therefore the novel could be an extended metaphor for Shelly’s prediction for the future if nobody changes their minds on marginalisation, thus supporting the view that progress is impossible without change, as chaos is not progress. Through Walton’s four letters we learn that he is a man of great arrogance with a narrow-mind accompanied with a vast ego. He is Shelley’s perfect representation of men. We arrive to this view of Walton due to his immensely hyperbolic language such as ‘rejoice’, ‘perpetual splendour’ and ‘fervent and vivid’. He also compares himself to Shakespeare and Homer after only writing poetry for 1 year which is incredibly vain however he does not want to change this; he only wishes to find this ‘country of eternal light’ which suggests eternal knowledge but also he wishes to ‘regulate a thousand celestial observations’. It insinuates Walton wishes to control nature

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