The Flame Test Lab Objective- Given Materials- Given Procedure- Given Results- Element Color Sr- Red Orange Ba- Yellow Orange Na- Bright Orange Li- Hot Pink Ca- Orange Cu- Green, Aqua, Blue Conclusion Questions- 1. The process by which the colored flame is produced is the release of light energy. When heat energy is added to an element, its electrons move from their ground state, to an excited state. This means the element's electrons are jumping from one orbital to another. When the heat is released, the electron then jumps back into its ground state, or back into its original orbital.
The chloroplasts are protected and contained by a membrane, but they are close to the surface of the cell to catch the maximum amount of light. Their broad length also allows larger wavelengths of light to be absorbed. The energy absorbed is transferred to electrons and excites them to a higher energy level. This leads to the photolysis of water which results in the formation of hydrogen ions, electrons and oxygen gas. The electrons formed during photolysis then replace those excited by the light.
That is, different wavelengths of light (colors) will be emitted when the electrons of different elements go down the steps between their energy levels. Each element will have his own set of steps, therefore each will have its own color or set of colors. Thru the use of a Bunsen burner, a metal wire loop and several unknown metals we will try to find out the wavelengths of light (colors) that will be emitted. MATERIALS Materials required to test the hypothesis in a lab include: 1. Metal wire with loop (nichrome wire) 2.
When the electron returns to a lower level, a photon with that energy difference is emitted. The peaks in the emission spectra are very sharp and known as line spectra. This emission spectra can be used in identification of elements because the spectra is different for each element. Materials: 1. Spectrum tubes (known and unknown) 2.
Radiographic film on the opposite side of the source is exposed when it is struck by radiation passing through the objects being tested. More radiation will pass through if there are cracks, breaks, or other flaws in the metal parts and will be recorded on the film. By studying the film, structural problems can be detected. Co-60 is used because it is an emitter of gamma rays which will penetrate metal parts. Co-60 has a half-life of 5.3 years and can be used in a chemically inert form held inside a sealed container.
When heated, the atoms of each element in the mix absorb energy causing its electrons to rearrange from their lowest energy state to a higher excited state. As the electrons plummet back down to their lower energy state the excess energy gets emitted as light. Each element releases a different amount of energy and this energy is what determines the color or wavelength of the light that is emitted. For instance, when sodium nitrate is heated, electrons in the sodium atoms absorb the energy and get excited. When electrons come down from the high they release their energy, about 200 kilojoules per molecule, or the energy of yellow light.
Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Light reaction is the changing of solar energy to chemical energy. Light and H2O is absorbed and ATP, NADH and O2 is the result. This all happens within the chloroplast.
As Model Science (2011) explains, the experiment will show that as the salt with the metal is “burned, the electrons will be excited (i.e., move to another energy level) and as these electrons fall back from one energy level to another, they will emit photons of light. These photons will have different colors depending on the element and its discrete energy levels”. In other words, “different wavelengths of light (colors) will be emitted when the electrons of different elements go down the step(s) between their energy level(s). In addition, each element will have its own set of energy levels and therefore each will have its own color or set of colors (Model Science, 2011)”. As an example, Model Science (2011) provided “sodium burns orange, potassium -purple/blue, barium - green, and lithium – red”.
Planck's constant: the constant relating the change in energy for a system to the frequency of the electromagnatic radiation absorbed or emitted, equal to 6.626 X 10^-34 J 5. Quantization: the concept that energy can occur only in discrete units called quanta 6. Photon: a quantum of electromagnetic radiation 7. Photoelectric effect: ejection of electrons from a substance by incident electromagnetic radiation, especially by visible light 8. E=mc^2: Einstein's equation proposing that energy has mass; E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light 9.
Technically, electricity is created by particles that carry a charge, usually electrons. In a wire or any other conductor, electrons move freely around the stationary atomic nuclei making up the conductor. Electrical current is the movement of these charged particles. In most conductors, the flow of electrons is impeded by some resistance, which can be thought of as collisions of electrons with the nuclei or other electrons. This creates an atomic-level "friction" which produces heat (and light in some cases, such as a light bulb or glowing heater element).