Light is absorbed by chlorophyll, and this causes electrons to jump to a higher electron level and create ATP. ATP and NADPH move to the stomata to take part of the Calvin cycle. During the Calvin cycle, CO2 molecules are turned into organic molecules. The photosynthesis equation is: 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 In this experiment, we are going to use leaf disks to measure the net rate of photosynthesis under different light colors. The leaf disks float until their air bubbles are drawn out and replaced with the surrounding solution, causing their density to increase and the disk to sink.
Respiration is a series of biochemical pathways that take place in order to create the ATP needed for an organism to survive. ATP is created by either oxidation or reduction reactions depending on what type of respiration process is taking place. An oxidation reaction is when the biochemical pathway has to lose electrons, while in reduction reactions gain electrons to create ATP (Notes, 9/30/15). Aerobic respiration is a biochemical pathways that creates ATP through a series of oxidation reactions. In this type of process, the electron acceptor that would be used is NAD+ and the final electron acceptor has to be oxygen.
An investigation of the light-dependent electron transport using DCPIP Introduction Photosynthesis is a reduction-oxidation reaction, which uses carbon dioxide, water and light to produce water and sugar. During this reaction water is oxidised and carbon dioxide is reduced (Sadava et al. 2011). There are two parts to photosynthesis, the light-dependent reaction and light-independent reaction. The light-dependent reaction consists of changing light energy to chemical energy for the formation of ATP and NADPH.
The chloroplast is made of thylakoid membranes that is surrounded by what is called stroma. This membrane contains molecules of green pigment with is chlorophyll. Photosynthesis has two stages of chemical reactions. The first stage or cycle Light – Dependent Reaction – This reaction takes place in the sunlight and during this stage the light is absorbed and is then transformed to chemical energy. It uses light energy that it gets from the sun to produce ATP molecules, as well as other molecules known as NADPH(NADPH is another energy carrying molecule).
When electrons get excited they can jump from a low energy level to a higher energy level, as the electron can’t remain there, the electron de-excites and moves back to the lower energy level. Once the electron moves back down, the remaining energy is emitted at a photon 1d. E=hf E= 6.6 x 10-34 X 6 x 1014 E=3.96 x 10-19 1e. hf is defined as the energy present in the incident photon. Φ is defined as the work function.
Here it’s broken down back into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). Chemical energy is released from the phosphate bond and used by the cell, ATPase catalyses this reaction. The ADP and inorganic phosphate are recycled and the process starts again. Key words Phosphorylation – adding phosphate to a molecule e.g ADP is phosphorylated to ATP Photophosphorylation – adding a phosphate molecule using light Photolysis – the splitting of a molecule using light energy Hydrolysis – the splitting of
In light dependent reaction, sunlight energy is converted to chemical energy, generating energy rich ATP and NADPH molecules. At this same time the oxygen that come from the water in the cells of the leaves are released into the atmosphere through the stomata of leaves. In the light independent reactions these energy rich molecules are used to reduce Co2 and eventually to form carbohydrates. The reactions can be followed in the chemical equation for photosynthesis: CO2 + H20 → C6H12O6 + O2 The rate of photosynthesis is controlled by what are called limiting factors – a factor present in an environment that determines the rate of a reaction – such as light intensity, temperature, the availability of carbon dioxide, water, and certain minerals. [2] By altering any of these factors, one can limit or accelerate the rate of photosynthesis.
Respiration is a process through which energy is released from glucose or another organic chemicals. As such, it is significant for the survival of all living organisms, whether animals or plants or microscopic bacteria. It serves two fundamental purposes in living organisms: first is the removal of the electrons generated during catabolism and second, is generation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Respiration occurs in two different ways, namely, aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration is oxygen-based cellular respiration that uses oxygen to generate energies through the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
How are these electron carriers reoxidized in anaerobic bacteria? How are these electron carriers reoxidized in aerobic bacteria? 3. (24 points) Aerobic eukaryotic organisms use the unique abilities of mitochondria to extract further energy from glucose (and other nutrients). a) The citric acid cycle completes the degradation of glucose.
The enzyme captures photons of light to stimulate electrons to an excited state. Then, the high-energy electron will transferred through a variety of coenzymes and cofactors to reduce plastoquinone to plastoquinol. The electrons loss in PSII is replaced by oxidizing water to form hydrogen ions and molecular oxygen. The splitting of water provides H+, electron and release oxygen as by-product. Therefore we can determine the rate of photosynthesis by the change in oxygen concentration in the experiment.