Determination of Copper Metal Ions Through Reactions with Zinc Aim: The aim of this experiment is to determine which of the common copper ions, Cu+1 and Cu+2, is present in each of two unknown copper compounds, and whether or not the copper compounds contain the same copper ion. Nomenclature: Light blue substance: LB Dark blue substance: DB Preliminary Calculations: Identify the available test metal with the highest ionization energy. The available test metal with the highest ionization energy is Zinc. Because Zinc has the highest ionization energy (904) compared to Magnesium (736), and Aluminium (578), Zinc will be used in this experiment. Create reactions with anion placeholders for copper compound and Zinc.
Place one end of the filter paper in the zinc sulphate solution and the other end in the copper sulphate solution (making sure the filter paper is not touching the metals) - Using the voltmeter, touch both metals with the connecting wires so there is positive reading. Record the voltage, anodic metal and cathodic metal. - Repeat this process using an Iron metal strip in 50ml of Iron nitrate solution and a lead metal strip in 50ml of lead nitrate solution. - Combine the most reactive (anodic) metals from the first two cells, to create the next cell. This combination will determine the overall 1st and 2nd most reactive.
A) Stoichiometry allows prediction of the amounts of products that form in a chemical reaction based on the amounts of reactants. B) Stoichiometry allows prediction of how much of the reactants are necessary to form a given amount of product. C) Stoichiometry shows the numerical relationship between chemical quantities in a balanced chemical equation. D) All of the above are true. E) None of the above are true.
Bonding Formal Lab Introduction (with Background information): Any substance, whether it is a metal or nonmetal, people can determine it by seeing if it is shiny, soft, or reactive. Metals are shiny, reactive, and have high melting points, while nonmetals are soft, have low melting points and not very reactive, and that is how anyone can determine whether a substance is a metal or a nonmetal. Covalent bonding is when two atoms share electrons, but it only occurs in two nonmetals only. They have low melting points and they are not soluble. Although, Ionic bonding is when an atom gives away elections to another atom, which only happens in a metal and a nonmetal, and they have high melting points and are soluble.
The first example is calculating empirical formulas from percent compositions using the percents of the different elements. Empirical formulas of compounds are also determined through quantitative analysis by using the masses of each element in the equation3. Lastly, this experiment uses the method of finding empirical formulas through combustion analysis. The empirical formula of magnesium oxide is found from the combustion of magnesium1. The four chemical equations that result when metal magnesium is heated in a closed crucible that becomes gradually exposed to the oxygen in the air are shown in table
Ideal gas law exam lab 1. purpose: to find the amount of H2 gas that is produced between a reaction of HCl acid And magnesium 2. Background: the balanced equation for magnesium reacting with an excess amount of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is: Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 in this lab/experiment HCl acid will be an excess so for each mole of magnesium there should be a yield of one mole of H2 gas and the magnesium will be the limited reactant. Due to the conservation of mass laws (matter cannot be lost or destroyed) as the HCl acid dissolves the magnesium there is a gas produced, theoretically it should weigh as much as the magnesium that was dissolved. Hydrogen gas (H2) is colorless, odorless and the most abundant element in the universe. Hydrogen combines with oxygen to make water which is essential to life Hydrogen gas (H2) is colorless, odorless and the most abundant element in the universe, it is less dense than air or water.
The difference between the mass of the compound and the mass of magnesium tells the mass of oxygen that participated in the reaction. The mass of oxygen was .0607g, assuming that all the magnesium reacted, all magnesium nitride was converted, and all the water that was used for the conversion was completely evaporated from the product. After the process of evaporation the magnesium oxide appeared light and fluffy, suggesting that there was no water remaining. The molar ratio computed to be very close to 1:1. The determined ratio was 1:1.01, Mg:O.
The acids are determined on how much H they have and bases are determined on how much they mess with the hydrogen concentration. When looking at the acid and base used in this lab HCl is an acid and NaOH is a base. To determine a pH value the molarity of the acids and bases must be below one, so using .1 M NaOH and HCl is ideal. To measure the pH the mathematical equation is used: pH = -log [H+] and pOH = -log [OH-]. When adding these up the end result has to be 14 because acids go from 1-7 and basic from 14-7.
Strong electrolytes produce large numbers of ions, which results in high conductivity values. Weak electrolytes result in low conductivity, and non-electrolytes should result in no conductivity. In this experiment, you will observe several factors that determine whether or not a solution conducts, and if so, the relative magnitude of the conductivity. Thus, this simple experiment allows you to learn a great deal about different compounds and their resulting solutions. In each part of the experiment, you will be observing a different property of electrolytes.
However, in ordinary conductors such as copper and silver, impurities and other defects impose a lower limit. Even near absolute zero a real sample of copper shows a non-zero resistance. The resistance of a superconductor, on the other hand, drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its "critical temperature". An electric current flowing in a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source. The matter of thermodynamics underlines the book with the key ingredient to the subject of absolute zero.