All three Revolutions played significant part in what came to be a significantly liberalist Europe, including Industrialisation. This essay will explain just in what way the Revolutions and Industrialisation led to the overall rise of liberal government in Europe during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The French Revolution marks the beginning of the liberal movement taking shape in Europe. Not only was the monarchy in crisis (on the verge of bankruptcy after extreme spending and France’s Involvement in the American Revolution), but the people of France were also victim of poor harvest, the worst of which were in 1775 but were still significantly bad in both 1787 and 1788 (Merriman, 2004). On top of there being a scarcity of resources, the people of France were subject to also having to pay high costs for grain, a staple food in France.
This ability was a feature of hereditary rule yet it can be said that Napoleon’s appointment to Emperor in 1804 is the distinctive turning point in the establishment of his hereditary regime. From 1804 onwards, there was an increase in use of the Senate by Napoleon and this eventually led to the abolition of the Tribunate in 1808
This rapidly increased the population and the government knew that this would cause radical ideas to spread faster amongst the people, therefore threatening the government. This fear of both the French and the Industrial Revolution caused the government to become very repressive in the years 1815 to 1820, forcing Liverpool to introduce policies like Habeas Corpus and the Six Acts which discouraged the people from the idea of revolution. The third reason why Liverpool’s government followed reactionary policies is because of the economic depression after the war. The government was in severe depression after borrowing a lot of money during the war with Napoleon. Therefore, they abolished income tax and introduced indirect tax which took tax directly from items like bread or clothes.
This sparked a seven-year war with the French, the French tried to push British colonist out of America. In order to defend the colonist in America, the number of troops increased in colonies, these troops were sent on the expense of Britain. Even though during this time the colonies were very wealthy, British taxpayers were enduring the total expense for protection. The cost of the seven-year war was nearly 150 million pounds. In this essay I will be explaining the view of the Whigs, and also of the Troy’s (the Loyalist) of the debt and how this caused many of British colonist to rebel against their own Crown in pursuit of their independence.
A Disastrous War with Prussia a) At this time, France was growing concerned with a growing increasingly concerned about a great rival, Prussia. b) The leader of Prussia, Otto Von Bismarck, lured France into war which was a disaster for France. C. Challenges of the Third Republic 1. After the capture of Napoleon III, republicans in France declared an end to the second empire and set up a provisional government. 2.
The American Revolution was more radical and had much more significance than the French Revolution because the American Revolution was a catalyst for real, historic and permanent change. The American Revolution created a new egalitarian government that was truly based on the ideals of the philosophes of the Enlightenment and would have a lasting impact on Western Civilization. The Declaration of Independence states that its citizens would fight for their “inalienable rights” of “life, liberty and pursuit of happiness” and “it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish” a government that deprives them of these rights and “institute a new Government”. This was radical for its time because the Founding Fathers took principles and ideas and put them into a declaration of action against the state. “Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” were far more than conceptual ideas during the period leading up to the American Revolution as well.
More people were moving to the cities and towns; however this meant that more people from the middle/working class were coming together and radical ideas were to starting to rapidly become popular, such as parliamentary reform - radical ideas which were inspired by the French revolution. This popularity caused events such as the Spa Field Riots, which forced the government to follow the reactionary policy of suspending Habeas Corpus to discourage civilians from the idea of a revolution. Moreover influential radical leaders were a vital reason why the government followed reactionary policies. For example take Henry Hunt, the incident in Peterloo in 1819
Baroque is almost synonymous with the romantic style with its expressive style, it’s sometimes deep spiritual subject matter, and it’s emphasis on the merit of the artist whether then the divine. Also it is very different from Impressionism in the technique, and form. Main feature of impressionism is the focus on the natural light of the subject. The blur look is meant to be notice. All in all impressionism to me seems like an escape into an alternate reality that focuses on fun and transitional of the moment.
Picasso and Munch: Comparison of Styles To begin to compare and contrast the works of Pablo Picasso and Edvard Munch one must understand the motivation and personal factors that influenced the evolution of their styles. Munch, as an expressionist was plagued by issues and the world around him was changing. The feelings of despair as a result of war and death and tragedy played a tremendous role in his works (Jester 2005). Pablo Picasso’s work was also influenced by the world around him but with a much lighter and positive feel. Many of his works (Picasso) were based on relationships and love, with his mistress being the subject of several pieces (Picasso 2011).
By the end of the eighteenth century the ancien-régime, under Bourbon rulership, had existed since the rule of Louis XI in 1440 with the glue of aristocratic privilege in its bindings. However, massive debt, conflicting enlightenment ideology, and increasing economic powers of the third estate meant that by the year 1789 those bindings were beginning to fray and the political and social elites of France would face the true terrifying force of egalité. It is important to look at how the right wing nobility reacted to these shaken foundations towards the end of the eighteenth century. We could then see; how the nobility dealt with the changing economy of revolution, to what extent there was a political attempt to ensure their own survival, and how strong was their ideological zeal against the revolution. The answers can evidently be looked at in terms of the three key areas; the political, the economic and the ideological.