The earth’s atmosphere was limiting how far we could see into space, so astronomers decided to bypass the atmosphere. The idea of a space telescope has been around for many decades, but only recently became a reality. The first proposal of a space telescope can be traced back to nineteen twenty three. Hermann Oberth known as the inventor of modern rocketry technology proposed that a telescope could be sent into space using a rocket. In the nineteen seventies the vision for a space telescope would become a reality.
Chemical propulsion is the only way to get spacecraft from the surface of the planet but once in space, it’s a different story. Nuclear propulsion is vastly superior to chemical propulsion. The reason that nuclear propulsion is better is because it has a higher specific impulse or Isp. Absolute Astronomy’s definition of Isp is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. (“Specific Impulse”, n.d.).
At a very young age he took interest in Leonardo da Vinci’s life and works as well as Jules Verne novels. In Robur The Conqueror, Verne writes of an inventor creating many flying contraptions (Whitman, 1972). Da Vinci’s journal included many drawings of aircrafts including the well-known screw-like helicopter. Both inspired Sikorsky to invent, as he described, “A flying machine offering reasonable speed, [safety, and controllability] also combining take off and landing in a small area” (Whitman, 1972). With this in mind at age 11 he started experimenting with model aircrafts, one of them being a small rubber band power helicopter.
In his career he was elected leader of several international astronomical groups. He received numerous awards, including the important Vetlesen Prize in 1966 from Columbia University. Oort's early studies, under his teacher Jacobus Kapteyn, made him familiar with Kapteyn's celestial model, which placed the sun at the center of a relatively small galaxy. In 1917, however, Harlow Shapley challenged Kapteyn's model, proposing a far bigger one. Oort's first major scientific achievement was to provide observational evidence that confirmed the main features of Shapley's model.
4- We measured the rockets range using a measuring tape. 5- Record the rockets range on the “varying wing size “ complete the data sheet, including calculating the average range for each wing size. 6- Analyze the data generated from the launches and write a conclusion explaning how the difference in wing size affects the rocket that achieved the greatest range. Data table – Size ~ Wingspan ~ Launch Rocket A- Small ~ 2mm ~ 533 Rocket B- Medium ~ 4mm ~ 376 Rocket C- Large ~ 5mm ~
JOHNANNES KEPLER Johannes Kepler was a German man, who was specialised in mathematics and astronomy. He is most famous for his work on the laws of planetary motion, where he used the same base works as Isaac Newton did about his theory of universal gravitation, while he was also one of the most key figures in the 17th century science revolution. During his lifetime he worked beside and with many royalties (Princes, Emperors…). And he also made an improved version of the refracting telescope. He was religious and therefore tried to connect his work to God by saying how he created the world for certain reasons.
In his definition of Global History Mazlish talks about how globalization resulted in advanced science. How it wasn’t a single civilization that sent rockets into space but a collection of nations combined efforts that allowed for this to be possible (3). German, Russian, and American scientists were all critical in development of space technology. During World War Two the Germans developed extremely advanced rocket technology, later the Russians were able to adapt this to send the first satellite into space and then finally the Americans were able to add upon all of this to send men to the moon. This Mazlish would describe as falling into the realm of Global History because of the way it was humanity's effort that got us to the moon, not solely the ambition and technology of one civilization that got us there.
Every planet that you see has received significant amounts of research and study and we are benefiting from hundreds of thousands of man-hours of observational work and probably upwards of a billion dollars of NASA funding (mostly devoted to the Kepler Space Telescope). The exciting results that you will manipulate and see in this Lab are cutting-edge and completely unknown a generation ago, even though people have been wondering about these questions for millennia. The goal of the Lab is to place all known exoplanetary systems into a few different populations or categories and to identify any interesting exceptions. Let’s define a “population” as a set of planetary systems that have similar physical (planet masses, radii, densities, etc.) and orbital (number of planets, semi-major axes, eccentricities, spacing between planets, etc.)
An 1894 article proposed the idea of a fully metal aircraft, and in 1895, he turned his eyes toward settling space. In 1903, his manuscript "Exploration of the World Space with Reaction Machines" was published in Nauchnoe Obozrenie magazine. This and his follow-up articles are regarded as the world's first scientifically viable proposals to explore outer space with rockets. Tsiolkovsky's rockets were fuelled by a mixture of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, the same mix used on the space shuttle, though hydrogen had only been liquefied for the first time in 1898. His manuscript included the equation now named for the scientist.
Hughes was a lifelong aircraft enthusiast pilot and aircraft engineer. Operating from Hughes Aircraft at the Glendale Airport he built one of the most technological important aircraft of its time, the H-1 racer. The H-1 Racer set an air-speed record of 352mph over a test course near Santa Anna, CA in 1936. Although his record was broken two times that year, a year later in January 19, 1937 he redesigned the H-1 Racer and set a new transcontinental air-speed record. He flew nonstop from Los Angeles to New York in 7 hours 28 minutes and 25 seconds.