How and Why Have the Portrayals of Cleopatra Vii Changed over Time?

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How and why have the portrayals of Cleopatra VII changed over time? Over the many years the story of Cleopatra has been around, the perceptions and portrayals of her reign and life in 69 BC – 30 BC have constantly changed. Many historians have different interpretations based on their own personal attitudes and views of the events which occurred in Cleopatra’s life. Due to the constant change in society, Cleopatra has now been called a shameless temptress who used blatant sexuality to maintain her grip on the throne of Egypt. Cleopatra’s contemporaries Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC) and Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus; 8 December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC) demonstrate this view of Cleopatra in their epic poems. Historians like Josephus, Plutarch, Appian and Dio Cassius, from the first and second century AD, portrayed Cleopatra as a strong political women/figure. Shakespeare’s influence on the story of Cleopatra was of a much more passionate and heartbreaking depiction than views of other historians. Today, Cleopatra is depicted by many films and stories as a manipulating woman, known for her beauty and love affairs and ability to seduce every great leader she encountered. However, depictions of Cleopatra are always susceptible to change, as the production by Mankiewicz in 1963 suggest. The poets Horace and Virgil are biased towards Rome, as both were honoured by Augustus. In Horace’s “The Cleopatra Ode”, Cleopatra comes across as a woman seeking power and control over Rome, supporting Augustus point of view and spread by Octavian, being his reason to declare war upon Cleopatra and indirectly on Antony. As Octavian pursuits Cleopatra, he admires her courage, considering she didn’t go into hiding. She did not tremble, like a woman at the dagger…was brave enough to handle angry snakes…This was no ordinary woman. (Horace,
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