Economies of scale can be enjoyed by any size firm expanding its scale of operation. It is important to companies such as McDonald’s and GBK because firstly, a large business can pass on lower costs to customers through lower prices and increase its share of a market. Secondly, a business could choose to maintain its current price for its product and accept higher profit margins. 3. a) What are marketing economies of scale? As a firm grows the average cost of advertising per unit will fall, leading to lower average costs.
When an organization uses differentiation it uses the goods and services of the company to satisfy the needs of its customers with competitive advantages. This allows the companies to lower their price and focus on the values that generate a comparative of higher price and a better margin. It benefits of differentiation require producers to segment markets in order to target goods and services at specific levels of the organization and generate a higher then average price. Organizations that uses differentiation strategy have to face the
A growth company tends to have very profitable reinvestment opportunities for its own retained earnings. Economic growth will affect Etisalat as it would increase their profits due to more people wanting more products and wanting to spend their money. As people have more money to spend on luxuries instead of the essentials it means that the higher value products will be brought. For example the Andrex toilet rolls will be brought instead of Etisalat value, because of this it means more money is being spent in the store which is an advantage for Etisalat. Recession occurs when people involved in business become more cautious and: * Customers cut back on spending, and start to save more * Manufactures and sellers cut back on their orders, produce fewer goods and start to cut back costs in general, including by laying off workers.
Trade Most goods we buy have a label on them. This ‘made in’ label tells us where the items have been produced and therefore from where they were imported from. The exchange of goods and services between nations is trade. International trade is based on a country specializing in producing a surplus of gods it can produce most efficiently in order to gain a competitive advantage. Trade allows for: businesses to grow and create more jobs, a wider choice of goods and services often at cheaper prices, economic growth and the strengthening of strategic and political ties between nations.
International Trade Simulation Darlene Traci Kepner XECO/212 June 17, 2012 Jim Vernon International Trade Simulation I am advising International trade recommendations for the President of Rodamia. The advantages of international trade and investments imports will create a wider variety of products which will give them a choice in price and quality. Domestic producers can expand and sell their products to other countries creating jobs, capital, and new investments, increasing the economy. When trading you have to look at the opportunity of cost production this is what defines the comparative advantage in which a country can produce a particular good or service at a lower marginal price, compared to another country; basically a choice
3. People often feel that tariffs, quotas, and other import restrictions will save jobs and promote a higher level of employment. But trade restrictions that reduce the volume of imports will also reduce exports. Question 4: What do researchers have to say about the relationship between firm’s productivity and exposure to global competition? Answer: Question No.5: When is international trade an opportunity for workers?
And so it is criticized for serving the interests of donors, because when accepting food aid, “recipients commit to pay for imports of commercial food along with food aid The CSSD is based in Washington D.C. rather than at the FAO Headquarters in Rome. Its location, its name and its focus on surplus disposal clearly reflect the concerns of competing food exporting countries around the use of food aid in an open economy rather than on hunger in recipient countries. Its main function is to avoid the displacement of commercial imports by food aid and it does not constitute an instrument favoring an adequate use of food aid to fight hunger. FAC’s commercial interests are exemplified by
INTRODUCTION Globalization is the tendency of businesses, technologies, or philosophies to spread throughout the world, or the process of making this happen. The global economy is sometimes referred to as a globality, characterized as a totally interconnected marketplace, unhampered by time zones or national boundaries. The proliferation of McDonalds restaurants around the world is an example of globalization; the fact that they adapt their menus to suit local tastes is an example of globalization (also known as internationalization), a combination of globalization and localization. Whether or not the establishment of the global marketplace will be beneficial is in dispute. Proponents believe that globalization has the potential to create greater opportunities for growth throughout the world, benefiting the developed nations while leveling the playing field everywhere else; opponents of globalization believe that it will merely increase the opportunities for the wealthier nations to take advantage of the poorer ones and, furthermore, could eradicate regional diversity and lead to a homogenized world culture.
Argument against trade protection Argument against trade protection, in another word calls it as argument for trade restriction which support for the free trade. Free trade occur when government do not attempt to restrict what its citizen can buy from another country or what they can sell to another country. With the free trade, each nation can specialization in production which they have comparative advantage than other country, and trade with other country exchange the production which they cannot produces in home nation or other country have comparative advantages in those production than us. Over the long run, each nation can more efficiency in production which spending lower prices to produce higher levels of output; Get more income, revenue and profit as increase the market place, and increase in the consumption or demand (consumer can buy their like or product at the lower price). A country can be a capital (or labor)-abundant nations and labor (or capital)-scarce nations which consider their comparative advantage in technologies, input productivity, and wages of labor.
Free traders argue that in the long run markets will solve - that is, when permitted to come to equilibrium, both rich and poor nations will benefit. In this way, free traders hold that free trade is fair trade. The Case for Fair Trade The Dependency Thesis Proponents of fair trade maintain that trade between and among nations occurs in coercive and uneven ways. Even if nations trade freely, smaller nations become