Throughout the story there were references to us, the reader, with the narrator asking us questions like “ Would you credit?” and the use of words like “us,” “are” and “before our friend” makes us feel involved and our opinions cherished, like we’re sitting right next to the storyteller, in his world. Furthermore Standard English is not used, instead Irish slang is used, for instance: “the best part of £50,” not to mention the well-known Irish saying: “Boyo.” Mockery is also a main element of the storyteller persona. A recurring feature in this story is how the narrator mocks the main character and his career path. One way in which the narrator mocked the packaging industry was when he said, “no matter if it was a bar of soft shite- it became a best-seller.” Moreover the narrator ridicules Universities, saying that although the main character “did a degree in all kinds of things” he ended up folding shirts “across the water,” basically stating that achieving higher education is not worth it. With both an informal tone and forms of humor the storyteller changes are view to that of a villager living in the country, allowing us to relate to the story a little better than we would usually.
Translations – Kartikeya Gouthi With reference to specific episodes, discuss the presentation and significance of English characters in Translations. It is a common saying that “Everything is not as it seems” and Brian Friel’s play –‘Translations’ reflects the truth in this statement. Set in 1833, in the village of Baile Beag in the agricultural heartland of colonial Ireland, Translations explores the impact of intervention, re-mapping and anglicization of Gaelic names by the English. Translations is a play “about language and only about language”, and through this text Friel explores the effect of British intervention on Irish people, language and culture. However, what is also underlined by his descriptions of the English characters is that ‘Everything is not as it seems’.
Here Honest Sancho represents a huge scale of Mexican American who still speaks bilingual in America. Instead of speaking English, there must be a certain reason and purpose why he speaks dual language in one time. Code switching in this case is used in leterary context by Luis Valdez in order to establish characters and setting, also it can be a symbol of an identity or group membership. Before taking a step further, a brief explanation about code switching is inserted. Code switching is a condition where people switch one language to another for certain purpose or reason in the same time.
THE CHALLENGE OF TRANSLATING BRIAN FRIEL’S TRANSLATIONS by Federica Mazzara and Dimitra Philippopoulou CONTENTS INTRODUCTION __________________________________________________________________ 3 BRIAN FRIEL AND TRANSLATIONS __________________________________________________ 4 TRANSLATIONS THEMES __________________________________________________________ 6 THE CHALLENGE OF TRANSLATING TRANSLATIONS __________________________________ 9 ITALIAN TRANSLATION OF AN EXTRACT FROM BRIAN FRIEL’S TRANSLATIONS___________ 12 GREEK TRANSLATION OF AN EXTRACT FROM BRIAN FRIEL’S TRANSLATIONS ___________ 18 BIBLIOGRAPHY __________________________________________________________________ 24 INTRODUCTION «Translations is a modern classic» (Daily Telegraph). «[...] The most deeply involved with Ireland but also the most universal: haunting and hard, lyrical and erudite, bitter and forgiving, both praise and lament»1 (Sunday Times). In our essay we introduce Brian Friel’s Translations starting from some historical data and we move on to an analysis of the major themes presented in the play. Because translation holds a special place among them, we pay specific attention to the concept of translation, as Friel sees it: as metaphor of ‘Irishness’. Later on, we unfold our strategy in translating an extract of this work, explaining in as much detail as possible why we adopt the basic principle of Skopos theory.
Accent - The way you speak Active verbs - Doing action Passive verbs - receiving action Agent - a subject Alliteration - repetition of the consonant Illusion - using reference from another text Ambiguity - to attain two or more meanings Anachronism - to place in wrong time frame. Analyze - to reach a conclusion Anthropomorphism - giving animals human qualities Anti climax - non significant event happening in place of a complex Antonym - opposite meaning Apostrophe - punctuate a contraction Appropriation - taking over for personal use Assonance - repetition of vowel Audience - reader Autoir -Director Autobiography - story of someone’s life written and told by themselves Bias - one way of thinking (paradigms) Binary thinking or Binary opposite - thinking in opposites
The major point here is that these grammatical features of CJ fit well with typological features of Northwest Amerindian languages, but they are markedly non-European. This weakens the case for a post-European origin, since it is hard to explain on the hypothesis that CJ arose from Indian-white communication. Ultimately, because of so many marked non-English and non-French features, evidence suggests that European speakers did not contribute in the formation of CJ. Thus, taken together with historical and other linguistic evidence, the markedly Indian structure of CJ seems to tip the balance in favor of a pre-European origin. Key Words universal principles, lexicon, cross-language compromise, grammatical norm, pre/post-contact origin, pre-European origin, multilingualism, syntax, phonology, simplification, pidginization, intertribal relations, contact medium, tertiary hybridization, universal markedness Introduction The trade
They are: • Imagery • Simile • Metaphor • Alliteration • Personification • Onomatopoeia • Hyperbole A metaphor is simply an implied comparison between two things (Kirby & Goodpaster, 2007). Metaphors carry a dual meaning and it also merges two things. Those two original meanings of the word metaphor are things are with or after and beyond, and to carry. Metaphors can also be defined as A metaphor is a word or phrase used to compare two unlike objects, ideas, thoughts or feelings to provide a clearer description ("metaphor," 1996-2012). A simile is an explicit comparison as analogies or extended comparisons.
The first use is as a transitive verb and it states that to plagiarize is "to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own: use (another's production) without crediting the source". The second is as an intransitive and is "to commit literary theft: present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source". These definitions are important to lay out in the open, as the word "plagiarism" is often used like an expletive in literary circles, and like many other expletives in going undisguised it remains misunderstood. When something like plagiarism isn't fully understood it's often committed accidentally and so accidental plagiarism will be the first type we discuss. Prior to the advent of the internet, committing an accidental act of plagiarism was much more difficult.
Such as, TRAP, the lexical set that it’s used to specify the pronunciation which speakers of a variety have for the sound /æ/. Then if they use [a] or [ɛ] in TRAP they will use [a] or [ɛ] in other words that embrace this vowel. For example, bad, latter, shall. Additionally, Irish English difficulty is not in finding the origin of the word, but in determining whether the word is use in present-day Irish English. Exists an extraordinary contrast in the lexical items between older rural inhabitants and young urbanities.
Certain elements, such as acronyms, initialisms, incomplete sentence structure, or the omission of vowels, included in abbreviated messaging technologies (sometimes referred to as “textese”), have contributed to the English language, reflected in the literature and writing skills of the people who use these media. As a response to the skepticism as to whether text messaging is more detrimental or beneficial to the English language, one reviewer comments “f u cn rd ths thn wats th prblm?” (Crystal