Some scientists concluded that life may have begun in hydrothermal vents under the ocean, which are areas of high pressure and heat. Many of these extremophiles are classified under the Archaea domain. Archaea domain is an ancient bacteria, they have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Archaea are also quite small, about one micron in length. This is so small that even under high power on a light microscope, they are too tiny to differentiate properly.
Although they are eukaryotes like plants and animals, the major difference is that fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin, unlike the cell walls of plants, which contain cellulose. Fungi lack the chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis and must therefore live as parasites or saprophytes Parasites: plant or animal that at some stage of its existence obtains its nourishment from another living organism called the host. Parasites may or may not harm the host, but they never benefit it. They include members of many plant and animal groups, and nearly all living things are at some time hosts to parasitic forms. Many bacteria are parasitic on external and internal body surfaces; some of these invade the inner tissues and cause disease.
Only 30 years ago the concept of a vast ecosystem surviving deep underground would seem impossible. At this time the sun was believed to be the root of all of life’s energy systems and therefore without light no life could exist. Microbes had been found deep underground many times but were dismissed as contaminations. In 1980 scientists found hydrothermal vents sustaining a whole ecosystem stemming from extremophiles living from the hot nutrient rich waters, despite the complete absence of light (Gold 1994). A similar discovery was made of a whole ecosystem of invertebrates surviving from chemoautotrophic bacteria in a cave that had been completely sealed from the outside world for more than a million years (Sarbu et al.
Bacteria also live in plants, animals, and have flourished in manned space vehicles. There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Some of the most deadly diseases and devastating epidemics in human history have been caused by bacteria.
They then discovered that the microbe, code named "Andromeda", mutates with each growth cycle, changing its biologic properties. The scientists learn that Andromeda grows only within a narrow pH range; in a too-acid or too-basic growth medium, it will not multiply — Andromeda's pH range is 7.39–7.43, like that of human blood. That is why Jackson and Ritter survived: both had abnormal blood pH. Before they could learn more, the
Veronica Torres Mr. Bontrager October 26th, 2012 The Great Climate Flip-Flop= In todays society people do not know what global warming really is. People think all over the world that global warming is worse than it is, or not really important. According to www.merriam-webster.com, “Global Warming is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and other pollutants. ” Through many years of research, it has been proven that this has been around for many years and it has been effecting us in a lot of different ways. William H. Calvin, PH.D, has published a book about his studies and his research that he has observed in the past years.
Global Irregularities are more common because of the green house gasses that are being released into the atmosphere (Chandler 4) Although this disaster of fluctuating temperatures is most commonly known as Global Warming, it really just depletes the natural insulation of earth. This lack of insulation and fluctuating temperatures, have been considered signs of the end of the world in 2012. Another current problem for humanity is the disappearance of bees. Albert Einstein once said: ‘If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe then man would only have four years of life left. No more bees, no more pollination, no more plants, no more animals, no more man.’...On the West Coast keepers have seen bee population losses in the 30 to 60 percent range.
One theory hypothesis is that the climate became too wet while another that the climate dried out to kill off the dinosaurs. The dinosaurs could have starved to death or died from the over-heating. Scientists continue to add new causes for the extinction of the dinosaurs. Some of the recent mechanisms are: 1) cancer trigged by huge bursts of neutrinos released by dying stars in the Milky Way Galaxy. 2) AIDS.
In the 1980’s, Space Biosphere Ventures conducted trials on sustainable living; they began conducting experiments to study everything about human survival in a sealed environment called Biosphere 2. They wanted to identify the effects humans had on their environment. Their main question and need was to know; could humans grow enough food to survive? Could it be possible for humans to live in a sealed environment that long? Few months later, oxygen levels started to drop so low, that oxygen needed to be pumped in.
Global warming is an increase in the earth's temperature due to fossil fuels, industry, and agricultural processes caused by human, natural, and other gas emissions. Discuss this statement with respect to the carbon cycle and its environmental effects. In the mid-Cretaceous period, about 100 million years ago, sub-tropical conditions extended from Alaska to Antarctica. The polar ice caps did not even exist. Carbon dioxide concentrations were about five times higher than they are today and the average global temperature was 6 – 8 degrees higher than it is today.