Electric Motors Essay

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Electric Motors An electric motors convert electrical energy onto mechanical energy. Electric motors involve rotating coils of wire that caused by a magnetic force. The magnetic force is exerted by a magnetic field on an electric current. In an electric motor the moving part is called the rotor and the stationary part is called the stator. Magnetic fields are produced on poles, and these can be salient poles where they are driven by windings of electrical wire. A shaded pole contains an inductor to delay the phase of the magnetic field for that pole. Nearly all electric motors are based around magnetism. In these motors, magnetic fields are formed in both the rotor and the stator. The product between these two fields give rise to a force, and a torque on the motor shaft. One, or both, of these fields must be made to change with the rotation of the motor. This is done by switching the poles on and off at the right time, or varying the strength of the pole. The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by electromagnetic was demonstrated by the British scientist Michael Faraday in 1821. A free-hanging wire was dipped into a pool of mercury, on which a permanent magnet was placed. When a current was passed through the wire, the wire rotated around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a close circular magnetic field around the wire. This motor is often demonstrated in school physics classes, but salt water is sometimes used in place of the toxic mercury. This is the simplest form of a class of devices called homopolar motors. A later refinement is the Barlow’s whell. These were demonstration devices only, unsuited to practical applications due to their primitive construction.Electric motors applications are: industrial fans, blowers, pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools and disk drive. Electric motors don’t have a 100%

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