Digestive System Essay

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Chapter 17 Digestive System 1. List and describe the locations of the major parts of the alimentary canal. a. Mouth—the oral cavity. b. Pharynx—extends from the back of the nasal cavity to the top of the esophagus. c. Esophagus—extends from the pharynx to the stomach. d. Stomach—just below the diaphragm on the left side of the body. e. Small intestine—extends from the stomach to the large intestine. f. Large intestine—extends from the small intestine to the anus. 2. List and describe the location of the accessory organs of the digestive system. a. Salivary glands—located in the oral cavity. b. Liver—lies just below the diaphragm on the right side of the body. c. Gallbladder—lies on posterior side of the liver. d. Pancreas—located behind the stomach, attached to the duodenum. 3. Name the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal. a. Mucosa or mucous membrane b. Submucosa c. Muscular layer d. Serosa or serous layer 4. Distinguish between mixing movements and propelling movements. A mixing movement is a wavelike motion back and forth. A propelling movement is one where the muscle contraction occurs in the wall of the tube but the muscles just ahead in the tube relax. 5. Define peristalsis. Peristalsis is defined as the rhythmic propelling movements that occur in the alimentary canal. 6. Explain the relationship between peristalsis and receptive relaxation. Receptive relaxation is where the muscular wall ahead of peristaltic contraction relaxes. This allows the tubular contents to be pushed along the canal. 7. Describe the general effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic impulses on the alimentary canal. Parasympathetic impulses generally increase the activity of the digestive system. Sympathetic impulses generally are opposite of the parasympathetic impulses, thereby decreasing the activity of the digestive system. This

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