Unit 13 P2 Describe how materials of different states pass into and out of cells. The cells plasma membrane is not only used for structural purposes. Its functions to allow certain substances in and out of the cell. It can allow other substances into the cell against the concentration gradient or allow other substances (for example waste) out of the cell. There are two ways that the cell can transport substances; passive transport processes and active transport processes.
Normally, net diffusion of both solute and water occurs until the concentration of water (and solute) is the same on both sides of the membrane (equilibrium). When the membrane is impermeable to solutes it creates a different result. In this situation, water diffuses from the side with lower solute concentration to the side with higher solute concentration. This continues until its concentration is the same on the two sides of the membrane. The movement of water leads to dramatic changes in the volumes of the two compartments.
The second simulated cell will be 1% sucrose solution placed into a 50% sucrose solution. I believe this simulated cell will show us the hypertonic part of this lab. Because of the cell having a less concentration than the sucrose solution it is being place, water will move out of the simulated cell and into the surrounding solution trying to even out their environment. The third simulated cell will be 50% sucrose solution placed into a 1% sucrose solution. I believe this simulated cell will show us the hypotonic part of this lab.
A) is neutralized by water B) is surrounded by water molecules C) reacts and forms a covalent bond to water D) aggregates with other molecules or ions to form a micelle in water Answer: B Page Ref: Section 3 11 9) Which would you expect to be most soluble in water? A) I B) II C) III D) IV Answer: A Page Ref: Section 3 10) Solutes diffuse more slowly in cytoplasm than in water because of A) the higher viscosity of water. B) the higher heat of vaporization of water. C) the presence of many crowded molecules in the cytoplasm. D) the absence of charged molecules inside cells.
Solutes meaning: the substance that is being dissolved, while solvents meaning: substance being dissolved into, much like diffusion. Diffusion can be defined as particles that move from a higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Diffusion is one of the key processes involved in the movement of materials into and out of cells throughout living systems. Osmosis is the diffusion of the water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area where it is more concentrated to an area where it is less concentrated. Different solutions can be categorized as hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic as different concentrations.
Diffusion Osmosis Lab (Title) Questions: 1. What size of molecules (monosaccharide vs polysaccharide) can diffuse through a semi-permeable membrane? 2. How will the concentration of sucrose within the dialysis tubing affect the rate that water diffuses through a semi-permeable membrane? 3.
Also a larger concentration gradient produces a faster diffusion, and smaller molecules diffuse more rapidly than larger molecules. If you imagine a crystal of dye in a beaker of water, the crystal would be the solute because it is the dissolvable substance, and the water is the solvent because it’s what the solute dissolves into and there tends to be more of it, both of these form together to create a solution. If you look at the colour of the water just next to the crystal it would be
The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute that is dissolved into each unit of solvent. In this lab, water (H2O) will be the solvent and sugar/sucrose (C12H22O11). When the density of the solute is greater than the density of the solvent, the density is directly proportional to the concentration of the solute. The relative density of the solute to the solvent can be observed by placing some solute into the solvent without mixing. If the solute floats, then the density of the solvent is greater than the density of the solute.
This process occurs in the cytosol of a cell. • What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The citric acid cycle takes certain compounds that donate protons and electrons to the electron transport chain.
A region of high concentration of water is either a very dilute solution of something like sucrose or pure water. In each case there is a lot of water: there is a high concentration of water. Osmosis can be defined as the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration. The semi-permeable membrane allows small particles through it but does not allow large particles such as sodium chloride. Osmosis will continue until a state of equilibrium is reached i.e.